53. Shared development of innovations among several departments is emphasized by the approach to innovation
a. vertical
b. horizontal linkage model
c. top down
d. bottom-up
e. diagonal
54. The horizontal linkage model is best applied to a(n):
a. low pressure environment.
b. stable environment.
c. environment that requires speed.
d. customer service environment.
e. manufacturing environment.
55. Which of the following means extending the search for and commercializing new ideas beyond the boundaries of
the organization and even beyond the boundaries of the industry?
a. An idea champion
b. Open innovation
c. A new-venture team
d. An idea incubator
e. An inventor
56. Cooltown University recently invited members of its social network group to enter a contest on YouTune o design
the best video promoting the university. This is an example of what innovative approach?
a. Social group innovation
b. Network innovation
c. Techsourcing
d. Crowdsourcing
e. Insourcing
57. The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves managers putting in place processes
and structures to ensure that new ideas are carried forward for acceptance and implementation is known as
_____.
a. exploration
b. cooperation
c. innovation roles
d. idea incubator
e. horizontal linkage
58. Which of the following is a person who sees the need for and fights for productive change in an organization?
a. A creative individual
b. A catalyst
c. An idea champion
d. A sponsor
e. A critic
59. Which of the following describes a person who is passionately committed to a new product of idea despite rejection
by others?
a. An idea champion
b. A sponsor
c. A new-venture team
d. A skunkwork
e. An investor
60. Ashley has average technical skills but her real strengths lay in visualizing the benefits of other’s ideas and in finding
financial and political support for these ideas. Ashley is an excellent example of a(n) .
a. critic.
b. sponsor.
c. idea champion.
d. inventor.
e. bureaucrat.
61. Which of the following is(are) important role(s) to be played during the process of organizational change?
a. The idea champion
b. The critic
c. The sponsor
d. Inventor
e. All of these
62. “The Brain” is a permanent secret group within one of the nation’s largest auto manufacturers. Members of this
elite group focus intently on developing new and innovative automobile technologies. “The Brain” can best be
described as what type of group or team?
a. Cross-functional team
b. Fast-cycle team
c. Brainstorming team
d. Skunkwork
e. New-venture team
63. John has tremendous technical skills and frequently comes up with valuable ideas. However, he has clueless about
how to promote it within the organization. John is a good example of a(n) .
a. inventor.
b. idea champion.
c. sponsor.
d. critic.
e. an in–transition employee.
64. The role of the is to prevent people in other roles from adopting a bad idea.
a. critic
b. inventor
c. sponsor
d. ombudsman
e. obstructionist
65. The _____ is a unit separate from the rest of the organization responsible for the development of a major
innovation.
a. new product group
b. matrix group
c. new-venture team
d. vertical group
e. change team
66. Which variation of new venture teams is described as a small separate, informal, highly autonomous, and often
selective group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business?
a. An idea champion
b. A sponsor
c. A new-venture team
d. A skunkwork
e. An inventor
67. A fund providing resources from which individuals and groups draw to develop new ideas, products, or businesses
is referred to as a _____.
a. personal fund
b. development fund
c. new-venture fund
d. change fund
e. mutual fund
68. _____ refers to a change in the attitudes and behaviors of a few employees in the organization.
a. Organization change
b. Organization development
c. People change
d. Culture change
e. Artifact change
69. Which of the following refers to a major shift in the norms, values, attitudes, and mindset of the entire organization?
a. Organization change
b. Organization development
c. People change
d. Culture change
e. Artifact change
70. Jurgen is one of several middle managers sent to a training course on leadership skills. Through this effort, the
organization is attempting:
a. organization change
b. organization development
c. people change
d. culture change
e. artifact change
71. Which of the following is defined by the text as the application of behavioral science knowledge to improve an
organization’s health and effectiveness through its ability to cope with environmental changes, improve internal
relationships, and increase problem-solving capabilities?
a. Conflict management
b. Organizational revitalization
c. Organizational development
d. Organizational linkage
e. Horizontal linkage
72. Organizational development can help managers address problems such as merger/acquisitions, conflict
management, and .
a. cultural changes
b. force field analysis
c. organizational productivity
d. organizational decline/revitalization
e. none of these
73. _____ is NOT a type of current problem that organizational development can help address.
a. Mergers
b. Acquisitions
c. Diversification
d. Organizational decline
e. Conflict management
74. Left-Right Industries employs a diverse set of individuals with strong personalities. Unfortunately, this means that
there is a great deal of interpersonal disagreement among employees. What organizational tool would work best in
this circumstance to manage conflict?
a. Organizational development
b. Skunkwork
c. Telecommuting
d. Downsizing
e. Small-group innovation
75. High-Low Productions recently appointed 75 employees and external stakeholders to a temporary group that would
discuss problems and opportunities, and would gather perspectives on changes that need to take place within the
company. High–Low Productions is utilizing which organizational change tool?
a. Organizational development
b. Skunkwork
c. Telecommuting
d. Focus group
e. Large-group intervention
76. There are many organizational development activities, which are effective in solving many different problems.
_____ enhances the cohesiveness and success of organizational groups.
a. Team building
b. Survey feedback
c. Intergroup activities
d. Process-Consultation activities
e. Symbolic management
77. Which of the following is a characteristic of the large-group intervention model?
a. Results in incremental change
b. Learning for the small group
c. Addresses the entire system
d. Gradual time frame
e. Limited distribution
78. Which of the following is an OD intervention technique in which questionnaires on organizational climate and other
factors are distributed among employees and the results reported back to them by a change agent?
a. Team building activities
b. Survey feedback activities
c. Intergroup activities
d. Process-consolidation activities
e. Symbiotic leadership activities
79. _____ is an approach that brings together participants from all parts of the organization to discuss problems or
opportunities and plan for major change.
a. Virtual–group intervention
b. Traditional organization development
c. Multi-unit intervention
d. Strategic planning committee
e. Large-group intervention
80. Which of the following is the reinforcement stage of organization development in which individuals acquire a
desired new skill or attitude and are rewarded for it by the organization?
a. Refreezing
b. Restating
c. Unfreezing
d. Changing
e. Jumping
81. Which of the following is the intervention stage of organization development in which individuals experiment with
new workplace behavior?
a. Refreezing
b. Restating
c. Unfreezing
d. Changing
e. Jumping
82. A step in the diagnosis stage of organizational development in which participants are made aware of problems is
referred to as _____,
a. change agent
b. changing
c. refreezing
d. unfreezing
e. exercising
83. Organizational development specialists identify three distinct steps for achieving behavioral and attitudinal changes.
These are
a. freezing, changing, and intervention.
b. unfreezing, change agent, and freezing.
c. unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.
d. intervention, refreezing, and change agent.
e. none of these.
84. At which stage of the change process do managers evaluate problems and opportunities?
a. Monitor forces for change
b. Need for change
c. Initiate change
d. Implement change
e. Internal forces
85. _____ indicates a disparity between existing and desired performance levels.
a. Environmental opportunity
b. Need for change
c. Behavioral occurrence
d. Critical incident
e. Organizational structural imbalance
86. The final step to be managed in the change process is:
a. freezing
b. implementation
c. intervention
d. planning change
e. envisioning change
87. Kyle is seeing, on a regular basis, a difference between current and expected performance levels. She should begin:
a. to gather more data.
b. to implement change.
c. to perceive a need for change.
d. to change the reward system.
e. all of these.
88. Cyrus‘s Resort has proposed some major structural changes within their organization. Some of the employees fear
that they will lose power with the changes. They begin voicing resistance to the changes. What barrier to change
are they exhibiting?
a. Disagreements about the benefits
b. Self interests
c. A lack of understanding and trust
d. Uncertainty
e. Goals and rewards
89. _____ is the lack of information about future events.
a. Uncertainty
b. Risk
c. Worry
d. Stress
e. Change resistance
90. After every quarterly board meeting, Bernice‘s Bracelets, Inc. announces big changes. They usually do not follow
through on these changes. What is causing this lack of enthusiasm?
a. Disagreements about the benefits
b. Self interests
c. A lack of trust
d. Goals and assessments
e. Competitors
91. You are the production manager for Connor’s Construction, Inc. You decide to change the production procedure to
increase efficiency. One of your long-time foremen is resisting the change, insisting that the idea won’t work.
Which of the following obstacle is he exhibiting?
a. Different assessment and goals
b. Uncertainty about the future
c. A lack of trust
d. All of these
e. Uncertainty about the future and a lack of trust only
92. Beth’s Barnyard, Inc. has decided to restructure the entire organization. You hold a meeting with your employees to
notify them of the change. You do not give them any detailed information. Which of the barriers to change would
you expect your employees to exhibit?
a. Disagreements about the benefits
b. Uncertainty about the future
c. A lack of trust
d. Fear of organizational loss
e. All of these