Management, 3e (Hitt)
Chapter 8 Leadership
1) In an organization, people in positions that are labeled managerial or supervisory have more
opportunities to exert leadership than others.
2) Organizational management is considered a subset of organizational leadership.
3) Class consciousness is considered a negative leadership attribute across cultures.
4) A potential leader who is low in positional power can compensate for that by having very
strong personal leadership characteristics.
5) Coercive power is an example of personal power used by managers.
6) Reward power is one of the strongest sources of position power for any manager.
7) A manager is using his reward power when he withholds a desired prize for an employee.
8) Use of referent power is a cost-free way to influence other people.
9) A manager asks one of his subordinates to carry out a request out of friendship. This influence
tactic is best referred to as collaboration.
10) A manager is using a coalition tactic when she seeks the aid of others to persuade an
employee to do something.
11) A relatively transitory characteristic of a person is referred to as a trait.
12) An individual’s drive refers to a high level of energy, effort, and persistence in the pursuit of
objectives.
13) A charismatic leader has influence over others based on the individual’s inspirational
qualities rather than formal power or position.
14) Charismatic leaders typically engage in impression management.
15) Social perceptiveness is the most important component of emotional intelligence.
16) Showing trust and confidence in subordinates is an example of initiating structure behavior.
17) Transformational leadership focuses on motivating followers’ self-interests by exchanging
rewards for their compliance.
18) Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership model places particular attention on the
behavior of followers.
19) Amounts of reciprocal influence are limited in a leader-follower relationship in the maturity
stage.
20) According to Fiedler’s leadership contingency theory, a favorable situation for the leader
exists when the task is highly unstructured.
21) Extensive training and experience can act as a substitute for leadership.
22) Neutralizer of leadership is any aspect of the organization or work situation that can hinder
the exercise of leadership.
23) Leadership process can be best described as a(n) ________.
A) interpersonal process
B) personal attribute
C) internal consciousness
D) charismatic aptitude
24) Which of the following is a valid observation about organizational leadership?
A) Designation of a leadership position is essential to exhibit leadership behaviors.
B) Leadership expectations are at the same level for all categories of employees.
C) Anyone in an organization can exhibit leadership behaviors.
D) Use of coercion is an approach used by effective leaders to handle critical situations
25) Organizational management ________.
A) has limited scope compared to organizational leadership
B) is considered a subset of organizational leadership
C) includes very few activities that are included in a leader’s role
D) include tasks that don’t directly involve influencing people
26) Which of the following is a valid observation of the interrelationship between management
and leadership?
A) Organizational management is a subset of organizational leadership.
B) All leaders are managers, but all managers are not leaders.
C) Management and leadership are mutually exclusive behaviors.
D) Not all leaders are managers and not all managers are leaders.
27) Identify a leader’s attribute that is universally viewed as positive.
A) individualistic nature
B) trustworthiness
C) cautious nature
D) class consciousness
28) Which of the following leader attributes is viewed as positive in some cultures and as
negative in some others?
A) decisive
B) communicative
C) cautious
D) honesty
29) ________ behaviors of leaders is considered a negative behavior across cultures.
A) Dictatorial
B) Individualistic
C) Ambitious
D) Cautious
30) Requirement of ________ involves not only the obligations of the subordinate to the superior
but also the obligations of the superior to respect the subordinate and care for his or her welfare.
A) compliance
B) harmony
C) achievement
D) benefiting
31) Kerry is a unit manager in a Japanese automobile company. He leads a small team of design
engineers at the company. He takes good care of his subordinates and expects performance in
return. These management practices can be best referred to as ________.
A) individualism
B) neutralism
C) collectivism
D) paternalism
32) ________ power is based on a manager’s rank in an organization.
A) Referent
B) Expert
C) Situation
D) Position
33) Interim Money, Inc., an independent organization, sells ATMs, as well as owns, operates,
and manages ATMs for independent financial institutions in the United States. The organization
follows a vertical organizational structure, and managers at different levels are given different
levels of authority to control employees. The managers at Interim money obtain ________ power
due to the vertical structure and operations.
A) expert
B) referent
C) legitimate
D) information
34) Which of the following refers to the power granted to a manager by the organization?
A) legitimate power
B) reward power
C) referent power
D) expert power
35) Which of the following is an example of personal power?
A) coercive power
B) referent power
C) legitimate power
D) reward power
36) Which of the following is an example of positional power?
A) expert power
B) coercive power
C) referent power
D) situational power
37) An individual becomes powerful if he is able to give others the rewards they want. The
power obtained in this manner is a form of ________ power.
A) position
B) referent
C) situation
D) expert
38) The employees of a firm reports to line managers and they are responsible for controlling the
work of the employees. What kind of power does the line managers enjoy in this example?
A) reward power
B) expert power
C) legitimate power
D) referent power
39) Legitimate power of a person is reduced if the ________.
A) person’s selection for a managerial position is questionable
B) person also has the power to punish or withdraw rewards
C) person is a specialist regarded widely as an expert
D) person’s selection was through an electoral process
40) Power obtained due to ________ is an example of positional power.
A) possessing specialized knowledge
B) the acceptance among subordinates
C) referencing from others
D) the right to administer punishments
41) Managers usually have the authority to distribute rewards to employees. This reward power
they enjoy is one of the strongest sources of ________ power.
A) position
B) situation
C) referent
D) personal
42) Robert, a highly experienced software engineer, joins a new company as the manager of a
large group of employees. In his first meeting with the employees of the new organization, he
explains his expectations on the behavior of employees. He also lets the employees know that
noncompliance with his norms will result in withholding the rewards that they receive. Which of
the following types of power is Robert using here?
A) reward
B) transformational
C) referent
D) coercive
43) Broman Group Inc. designs, manufactures, and sells consumer product dispensing systems.
Jim Cole is a plant supervisor at one of the manufacturing plants of the company. He observes a
dip in the performance of a worker in his team. Jim informs the employee that he will release his
annual increment only if his performance improves significantly in the coming months. Which of
the following is most similar to the situation mentioned here?
A) Aston, the supervisor of a small organizational team, assigns inconvenient shifts to those
employees who do not agree with his policies.
B) Arthur, the CEO of a leading book retailer in the southeastern United States, decides to reduce
the salaries of its employees due to a financial slowdown.
C) Anderson, an operations manager, uses his formal authority to persuade the employees to put
in additional hours of work every day.
D) Andrea, the CEO of a design software and service company, asks for a formal explanation
from the managers for the company’s poor financial performance.
44) You follow your doctors’ prescriptions though they do not have any formal authority on you.
This behavior can be attributed to the doctors’ ________ power.
A) expert
B) referent
C) legitimate
D) positional
45) When people are attracted to, or identified with, someone, that person acquires ________
power.
A) positional
B) referent
C) expert
D) legitimate
46) A subordinate begins using gestures similar to those of his superior and imitating certain
aspects of the superior’s speech patterns. This is indicative of ________ power that exists in
organizations.
A) expert
B) legitimate
C) referent
D) reward
47) Which of the following types of powers has relatively the lowest cost when used in
organizations?
A) legitimate
B) referent
C) reward
D) coercive
48) Identify the most accurate description of the rational persuasion influence tactic.
A) The agent explains how carrying out a request or supporting a proposal will benefit the target
personally or help advance the target person’s career.
B) The agent uses logical arguments and factual evidence to show a proposal or request is
feasible and relevant for attaining important task objectives.
C) The agent seeks to establish the legitimacy of a request or to verify authority to make it by
referring to rules, formal policies, or official documents.
D) The agent offers to provide relevant resources and assistance if the target will carry out a
request or approve a proposed change.
49) Chris manages a team of legal content developers at Spartal, a legal process outsourcing
company. In order to meet an important deadline, Chris wants the employees to work for a few
extra hours every day. Chris offers special incentives to the employees for finishing the job on
time and for putting in extra work hours. Which of the following influence tactics is used here?
A) collaboration
B) ingratiation
C) coalition
D) exchange
50) Roma is an HR executive at Arbitron Technologies, an electronic manufacturing firm. She
often finds it difficult to schedule supervisor interviews for potential candidates as the
supervisors are always busy with their normal work. She also feels that the supervisors do not
cooperate with her adequately. Roma seeks help from the COO to resolve this issue and he helps
her in obtaining help from the supervisors. Identify the influence tactic used here.
A) personal appeal
B) consultation
C) coalition
D) rational persuasion
51) George works as a journalist in a media company. He often finds it difficult to obtain
interviews from celebrities and other famous people. He gives excessive compliments to the
celebrities and tries to impress them when requesting for interviews. Which influence tactic is
George using?
A) ingratiation
B) inspirational appeal
C) legitimating
D) collaboration
52) A manager offers to provide relevant resources and assistance if his subordinate will approve
a proposed change. Which of the following influence tactics is being used by this manager?
A) rational persuasion
B) collaboration
C) personal appeal
D) consultation
53) Which of the following is the most accurate description of empowerment?
A) increased use of legitimate power
B) increasing managerial powers
C) reducing the effect of referent powers
D) sharing of power with others
54) Relatively enduring characteristics of a person are called ________.
A) attitudes
B) traits
C) skills
D) experiences
55) An individual’s drive refers to a(n)________.
A) high level of energy, effort, and persistence in the pursuit of objectives
B) strong desire to influence others and to remain in power
C) strong belief in one’s own capabilities, aptitudes, and the chances of success
D) ability to remain even-tempered and calm in the face of stress and pressure
56) An individual has a strong desire to influence others and to be in charge. These behaviors are
most closely associated with the individual’s ________.
A) drive to succeed
B) self-confidence
C) emotional maturity
D) motivation to lead
57) Penelope is the owner of a small-scale business. She has worked as a vice president in a large
multinational company after graduating from a reputable university. After starting her own
business, Penelope earns much lesser than what she used to earn before. However, she always
had the desire to become an entrepreneur and is highly enthusiastic about attaining that goal. She
displays high levels of energy and works day in and day out to achieve her goals. Which of the
following traits is most evident in Penelope?
A) emotional maturity
B) emotional intelligence
C) drive to succeed
D) motivation to lead
58) Edwin manages a small team of knowledge workers. He often faces tight deadlines and other
work pressures. Despite this, Edwin remains a calm and composed leader. He is often praised for
his ability to handle things with maturity. He is also receptive to healthy criticism. Which of the
following attributes of leadership is most evident in Edwin’s actions?
A) drive to succeed
B) integrity
C) emotional maturity
D) self-confidence
59) Charisma constitutes a set of traits that can produce an especially strong form of ________
power.
A) referent
B) expert
C) legitimate
D) situational