56. Good examples of decisions are strategic decisions.
a. nonprogrammed
b. programmed
c. insignificant
d. recurring
e. structured
57. When a small community hospital decides to add a radiation therapy unit, it is considered a:
a. programmed decision.
b. structured decision.
c. nonprogrammed decision.
d. poor management decision.
e. certainty decision.
58. Two area banks, Bank A and Bank B, decided to merge their operations. This is an example of a:
a. programmed decision.
b. nonprogrammed decision.
c. decision rule.
d. structured decision.
e. bad community decision.
59. At the start of every shift, Carl, a delivery truck driver, plans out his route based on the addresses that he will be
visiting to drop off packages. This can best be described as what kind of decision?
a. Programmed
b. Nonprogrammed
c. Wicked
d. Administrative
e. Intuitive
60. Associated with the condition of is the lowest possibility of failure.
a. ambiguity
b. uncertainty
c. certainty
d. risk
e. threats
61. Which of the following means that all the information the decision–maker needs is fully available?
a. Certainty
b. Risk
c. Uncertainty
d. Ambiguity
e. None of these
62. Bobby, a product manager, wants to increase the market share of his product. He is unsure about how to go about
it, not knowing for sure how costs, price, the competition, and the quality of his product will interact to influence
market share. Bobby is operating under a condition of .
a. risk
b. ambiguity
c. certainty
d. uncertainty
e. brainstorming
63. Under conditions of , statistical analyses are useful.
a. certainty
b. ambiguity
c. risk
d. uncertainty
e. conflict
64. Which of the following means that a decision has clear–cut goals and that good information is available, but the
future outcomes associated with each alternative are subject to chance?
a. Certainty
b. Risk
c. Uncertainty
d. Ambiguity
e. Brainstorming
65. means that managers know which goals they wish to achieve, but information about alternatives and future
events is incomplete.
a. Certainty
b. Risk
c. Uncertainty
d. Ambiguity
e. Advocacy
66. When managers know which goals they wish to achieve, but information about alternatives and future events is
incomplete, the condition of exists.
a. risk
b. uncertainty
c. ambiguity
d. certainty
e. problematic
67. Which of the following has the highest possibility of failure?
a. The condition of certainty
b. The condition of ambiguity
c. The condition of uncertainty
d. The condition of risk
e. All of these
68. The four positions on the possibility of failure scale include certainty, risk, ambiguity, and .
a. uncertainty
b. conflict
c. necessity
d. indecision
e. possibility
69. is by far the most difficult situation for a decision-maker.
a. Certainty
b. Risk
c. Uncertainty
d. Ambiguity
e. Brainstorming
70. Which of the following means that the goals to be achieved or the problem to be solved is unclear, alternatives are
difficult to define, and information about outcomes is unavailable?
a. Certainty
b. Risk
c. Uncertainty
d. Ambiguity
e. Brainstorming
71. The condition under which ambiguity occurs is when:
a. alternatives are difficult to define.
b. objectives are well defined.
c. information about outcomes is readily available.
d. all the alternatives are known.
e. decisions are already made.
72. decisions are associated with conflicts over goals and decision alternatives, rapidly changing circumstances,
fuzzy information, and unclear links among decision elements.
a. Nonprogrammed
b. Programmed
c. Wicked
d. Conventional
e. Irrational
73. During the fallout of the global financial crisis of the late 2000s, finance companies had to make important decisions
in a highly ambiguous environment. The decision to buyout failed banks could best be described as what type of
decision?
a. Bounded
b. Programmed
c. Conventional
d. Wicked decision problem
e. Irrational decision
74. The classical model of decision making is based on assumptions.
a. philosophical
b. irrational
c. economic
d. uncertainty
e. technological
75. Riley is a manager at the Tinker Tools. She is expected to make decisions that are in the organization’s best
economic interests. Her decisions should be based on which of the following models?
a. The administrative model of decision making
b. The garbage can model of decision making
c. The scientific management model of decision making
d. The classical model of decision making
e. The humanistic model of decision making
76. Which of these assumptions are included in the classical model of decision making?
a. Problems are unstructured and ill defined.
b. The decision-maker strives for conditions of certainty.
c. Criteria for evaluating alternatives are unknown.
d. The decision-maker selects the alternatives that will minimize the economic return to the organization.
e. The situation is always uncertain.
77. Which approach defines how a decision-maker should make decisions?
a. Normative
b. Scientific
c. Descriptive
d. Reflective
e. Humanistic
78. is the approach that defines how a decision maker should make decisions and provides guidelines for
reaching an ideal outcome for the organization.
a. Administrative
b. Descriptive
c. Normative
d. Bounded rationality
e. None of these
79. All of the following are characteristics of the classical decision making model except:
a. clear-cut problems and goals.
b. conditions of certainty.
c. rational choice by individual for maximizing outcomes.
d. limited information about alternatives and their outcomes.
e. all of these are characteristics of classical decision making model.
80. The model of decision making is most valuable when applied to .
a. administrative; programmed decisions
b. classical; nonprogrammed decisions
c. classical; programmed decisions
d. classical; ambiguous decisions
e. administrative; structured decisions
81. approach describes how managers actually make decisions, where as approach defines how a
decision–maker should make decisions.
a. Normative; descriptive
b. Normative; classical
c. Descriptive; normative
d. Descriptive; administrative
e. Normative; administrative
82. Which model of decision making is associated with satisficing, bounded rationality, and uncertainty?
a. Classical
b. Administrative
c. Quantitative
d. Rational
e. Political
83. The growth of quantitative decision techniques that use computers has expanded the use of which decision-making
approach?
a. Administrative
b. Classical
c. Intuitive
d. Political
e. Bureaucratic
84. The model of decision making describes how managers actually makes decisions in situations characterized
by nonprogrammed decisions, uncertainty, and ambiguity.
a. normative
b. classical
c. administrative
d. scientific management
e. objective
85. The concept that people have the time and cognitive ability to process only a limited amount of information on
which to base decisions is known as:
a. satisficing.
b. bounded rationality.
c. classical model of decision making.
d. normative approach.
e. scientific approach.
86. Melissa is a manager at InStylez Clothing. Her job is very complex and she feels that she does not have enough
time to identify and/or process all the information she needs to make decisions. Melissa’s situation is most consistent
with which of the following concepts?
a. Bounded rationality
b. The classical model of decision making
c. Satisficing
d. Brainstorming
e. Scientific management
87. The essence of is to choose the first solution available.
a. bounded rationality
b. creativity
c. decision maximization
d. satisficing
e. the classical model of decision making
88. Rodney doesn’t always realize that within his role as an air traffic controller, he must continuously perceive and
process information based on knowledge and experience that he is not consciously aware of. This describes what
type of decision-making?
a. Administrative
b. Right-brained
c. Satisficing
d. Rational
e. Intuitive
89. Intuition is based on , but lacking in .
a. conscious thought; practicality
b. experience; applicability
c. a solid analysis; applicability
d. experience; conscious thought
e. thought-process; guts
90. Most managers settle for a rather than a solution.
a. minimizing; maximizing
b. satisficing; maximizing
c. top–level; bottomline
d. maximizing; satisficing
e. challenging; simple
91. All of the following are characteristics of the administrative decision making model except:
a. vague problem and goals.
b. conditions of certainty.
c. limited information about alternatives and their outcomes.
d. satisfying choice.
e. all of these are characteristics of administrative decision making model.
92. Which of the following is the process of forming alliances among managers during the decision making process?
a. Networking
b. Socializing
c. Coalition building
d. Satisficing
e. Passing the buck
93. The model of decision-making is useful for making nonprogrammed decisions when conditions are uncertain,
information is limited, and there are managerial conflicts about what goals to pursue or what course of action to
take.
a. classical
b. functional
c. bureaucratic
d. political
e. administrative
94. The model closely resembles the real environment in which most managers and decision-makers operate.
a. normative
b. administrative
c. descriptive
d. classical
e. political
95. Jefferson Inc. is an information technology consulting firm located in Washington D.C. Decisions at Jefferson are
complex and involve many people, with a significant amount of disagreement and conflict. Which decision–making
model fits best for this organization?
a. Political
b. Functional
c. Classical
d. Administrative
e. Bureaucratic