55. When everyone is pursuing self-direction, the greater good is ultimately served because people learn to
accommodate each other in their own long-term interest is an example of the .
a. utilitarian approach
b. individualism approach
c. moral–justice approach
d. justice approach
e. social responsibility
56. Human beings have fundamental rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by another individual‘s decision.
This ethical decision making approach is known as the:
a. utilitarian approach.
b. individualism approach.
c. moral–rights approach.
d. dualism approach.
e. none of these.
57. The approach refers to the ethical concept that moral decisions are those that best maintain the rights of
those people affected by them.
a. individualism
b. justice
c. utilitarian
d. moral-rights
e. discretionary responsibility
58. Which of the following is NOT one of the moral rights that could be considered during decision-making?
a. The right to free consent.
b. The right to invade privacy.
c. The right to free speech.
d. The right of freedom of conscience.
e. The right to life and safety.
59. to ethical decision-making is consistent with free consent, privacy, and free speech.
a. Moral–rights approach
b. Individualism approach
c. Utilitarian approach
d. Justice approach
e. Dual-economic approach
60. The ethical decision approach that requires persons to be guided by standards of equity, fairness and impartiality is
the:
a. moral–rights approach.
b. individualism approach.
c. utilitarian approach.
d. justice approach.
e. discretionary responsibility.
61. refers to the concept that different treatment of people should not be based on arbitrary characteristics.
a. Procedural justice
b. Compensatory justice
c. Distributive justice
d. Organizational justice
e. Moral-justice
62. Disk Replacement Services has just completed a procedure manual to handle employee grievances. One of the
main criteria is to make it clear to employees that rules will be administered fairly and consistently. Disk
Replacement operates on:
a. the procedural justice approach.
b. the utilitarian approach.
c. the individual approach.
d. the defensive approach.
e. the free-choice approach.
63. Which of these refers to procedural justice?
a. The concept that different treatment of people should not be based on arbitrary characteristics.
b. The concept that rules should be clearly stated and consistently and impartially enforced.
c. The concept that individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible.
d. The concept that people should be treated differently.
e. None of these.
64. The concept that the party responsible should compensate individuals for the cost of their injuries is referred to as:
a. distributive justice.
b. injury justice.
c. procedural justice.
d. organizational justice.
e. compensatory justice.
65. The thinking underlying the domain of is the closest to the justice approach.
a. social responsibility
b. free choice
c. law
d. discretionary responsibility
e. ethics
66. In what stage of personal moral development is a person mostly concerned with external rewards and personal
consequences of an action?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Principled
d. Discretionary
e. None of these
67. The leadership style matches with the preconventional level of personal moral development.
a. autocratic
b. team oriented
c. servant leadership
d. guiding/encouraging
e. transforming
68. matches with the preconventional level of personal moral development.
a. Work group collaboration
b. Task accomplishment
c. Empowered employees
d. Full participation
e. Transforming
69. Which of these employee behaviors matches with the conventional level of personal moral development?
a. Task accomplishment
b. Empowered employees
c. Work group collaboration
d. Full participation
e. Act in own interest
70. Which of the following stages is the stage of personal moral development in which an individual develops an internal
set of standards and values?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Principled
d. Discretionary
e. Social
71. People making decisions based on an internal set of beliefs that has more meaning to them than the expectations of
others:
a. are in the preconventional level of moral development.
b. are in the conventional level of moral development.
c. are in the principled level of moral development.
d. do not care what people think of them.
e. none of these.
72. Which of these employee behaviors matches with the postconventional level of personal moral development?
a. Empowered employees, full participation
b. Task accomplishment
c. Act in own interest
d. Work group collaboration
e. Autocratic
73. Regarding the levels of personal moral development, the majority of managers operate at the level.
a. preconventional
b. autocratic
c. postconventional
d. conventional
e. transformative
74. When the USS Indianapolis sank after being torpedoed, one Navy pilot disobeyed orders and risked is life to save
men who were being picked off by land sharks. The Navy pilot was operating from the level of moral
development.
a. preconventional b. conventional
c. postconventional d. lowest
e. conservative
75. matches with the postconventional level of personal moral development.
a. Team oriented
b. Autocratic
c. Guiding/encouraging
d. Coercive
e. Servant leadership
76. Which of these best illustrates the preconventional stage of moral development?
a. Everybody else is doing it, so it must be okay.
b. What would my boss think if I did this?
c. I know this is not right, and I will not do it, even if everyone else is.
d. What am I going to get from making this decision?
e. All of these.
77. The conventional stage of moral development is best described by which of the following statements?
a. I won’t do that because the boss will be upset with me.
b. Everybody else is doing it, so it must be okay.
c. I know this is not right, and I will not do it, even if everyone else is.
d. What am I going to get from making this decision?
e. All of these.
78. Most people have learned to conform to expectations of good behavior expected by colleagues, family, friends, and
society. They are in what stage of moral development?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Discretionary
d. Principled
e. Traditional
79. Any group within or outside the organization that has a stake in the organization‘s performance is called:
a. a supplier.
b. an international customer.
c. a stakeholder.
d. OPEC.
e. a trade association.
80. Primary stakeholders of an organization include:
a. employees.
b. customers.
c. investors and shareholders.
d. suppliers.
e. all of these.
81. All of the following are examples of special interest groups except:
a. professional associations.
b. trade associations.
c. political action committees.
d. courts.
e. consumerists.
82. What type of a stakeholder would a nature conservation group be for a paper manufacturing company?
a. Supplier
b. Competitor
c. Employee
d. Special interest group
e. Stockholder
83. With a philosophy of , managers weave environmental and social concerns into every strategic decision,
revise policies and procedures to support these efforts and goals.
a. sustainability
b. conservation
c. ethics
d. preservation
e. human concerns
84. is economic development that generates wealth and meets the needs of their current generation while
focusing on future generations.
a. Ethical management
b. Activist strategy
c. Sustainability
d. Market strategy
e. Future management
85. Which of the following concepts argues that organizations can find innovative ways to create wealth at the same
time they are preserving natural resources?
a. Preservation
b. Conservation
c. Environmentalism
d. Protectionism
e. Sustainability
86. The profit–maximizing view of economic responsibility is advocated by .
a. Milton Friedman b. Arthur Anderson
c. Donald Trump d. Warren Buffett
e. Steve Jobs
87. is considered a decision that enables an individual or company to benefit at society‘s expense.
a. A legal behavior
b. An unethical behavior
c. An economic responsibility
d. A discretionary responsibility
e. A responsible behavior
88. Which of the following responsibilities is purely voluntary and is guided by a company’s desire to make social
contributions not mandated by economics, law, or ethics?
a. Ethical
b. Economic
c. Legal
d. Discretionary
e. Stakeholder
89. is the responsibility that goes beyond societal expectations to contribute to the community welfare.
a. Ethical responsibility
b. Discretionary responsibility
c. Economic responsibility
d. Legal responsibility
e. Technical responsibility
90. means that managers are honest and trustworthy, fair in their dealings with employees and customers, and
behave ethically in both their personal and professional lives.
a. Ethical leadership
b. Followership
c. Corporate espionage
d. Command-and-control approach
e. Concern for production leadership