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Chapter 3
Quick Quiz
1. At about four days after conception, the zygote consists of about 100 cells resembling a hollow ball known as a(n)
a. egg. c. blastocyst.
b. germ disc. d. amnion.
2. During the period of the embryo, most of the organs are in place, in some form. One notable exception is the
a. heart. c. lungs.
b. sex organs. d. brain.
3. The final and longest stage of prenatal development is the period of the
a. zygote. c. embryo.
b. blastocyst. d. fetus.
4. All of the following are steps women can take toward having a healthy baby EXCEPT
a. exercising throughout pregnancy.
b. getting enough rest, especially during the last two months of pregnancy.
c. doubling their caloric intake because they are eating for two.
d. visiting the doctor for regular prenatal checkups.
5. One of the problems with determining the impact of stress on human pregnancy is that
a. studies are correlational, so cause and effect cannot be determined.
b. most pregnant women do not experience stress, so it is hard to study.
c. stress is not confounded with other variables, like smoking and drinking.
d. stress in animals manifests itself in the same way as stress in humans.
6. Events set in motion when a teenage girl gives birth that make it harder for her to provide an environment that’s
positive for her child’s development are known as
a. social selections. c. sociocultural theories.
b. social influences. d. sociocultural events.
7. Which of the following environmental teratogens is associated with increased risk of leukemia?
a. lead c. PCBs
b. mercury d. X-rays
8. The least invasive method of prenatal diagnosis is
a. ultrasound. c. chorionic villus sampling.
b. amniocentesis. d. fetal medicine.
9. Mothers and fathers who attend childbirth classes
a. are more likely to use drugs to cope with the pain of labor than those who do not attend classes.
b. feel more positive about labor and delivery than those who do not attend classes.
c. are less likely to use deep breathing techniques during labor than those who do not attend classes.
d. are less likely to understand what is happening during labor and delivery than those who do not attend
classes.
10. One of the best ways to combat Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is to
a. put the baby to sleep on his or her back.
b. put the baby to sleep on his or her stomach.
c. put the baby to sleep on his or her side.
d. sleeping position does not matter — any position is okay as long as the baby is in a crib.
Chapter 3
Quick Quiz Answers
1. Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
2. Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3. Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
4. Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
5. Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
6. Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
7. Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
8. Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
9. Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
10. Chapter Module: The Newborn
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Chapter 3
Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
3.1 The period from conception to birth normally lasts on average __________ weeks.
a. 30 c. 38
b. 34 d. 42
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.2 Your friend, Marie, is pregnant and wants to learn about the changes that will take place in the child she is
carrying before it is born. You suggest that she go to the library and look up
a. prenatal development. c. the Apgar.
b. neonatal development. d. anoxia.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.3 Amy doesn’t know it yet, but she is pregnant. She conceived one week ago and has not yet missed a menstrual
period. Amy’s developing child is in the period of the
a. fetus. c. embryo.
b. zygote. d. endoderm.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.4 Immediately after conception, a fertilized egg is referred to as a(n)
a. fetus. c. germ disc.
b. embryo. d. zygote.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.5 A fertilized egg is called a(n)
a. amnion. c. mesoderm.
b. umbilical cord. d. zygote.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.6 A zygote is
a. a structure through which nutrients and wastes are exchanged between the mother and the developing
organism.
b. a sac filled with amniotic fluid.
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c. a fertilized egg.
d. what a developing organism is called after it is completely embedded in the uterine wall.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.7 When the zygote consists of about 100 cells and looks like a hollow ball, it is called a(n)
a. fertilized egg. c. fetus.
b. embryo. d. blastocyst.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.8 Implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterus begins
a. immediately after conception. c. during the period of the embryo.
b. about one week after conception. d. during the period of the fetus.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.9 The zygote implants into the
a. uterine wall. c. vaginal wall.
b. fallopian tube. d. ovarian wall.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.10 Which of the following events does NOT occur during the period of the zygote?
a. rapid division of the cells
b. differentiation of cells
c. development of body structures and internal organs
d. implantation
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.11 The process of a zygote burrowing into the uterine wall is referred to as
a. fertilization. c. differentiation.
b. implantation. d. crowning.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.12 Differentiation of cells begins
a. during the period of the embryo. c. during the period of the zygote.
b. during the period of the fetus. d. at birth.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.13 Near the center of a zygote is a small cluster of cells called the __________, which will eventually develop
into the baby.
a. placenta c. fetus
b. amnion d. germ disc
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.14 Your sister is pregnant and wonders how her baby takes in nutrients and gets rid of waste products. You tell
her that it happens through a structure called a(n)
a. germ disc. c. placenta.
b. amnion. d. ectoderm.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.15 The __________ is where nutrients and wastes are exchanged between the mother and the developing
organism.
a. germ disc c. ectoderm
b. placenta d. amnion
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.16 Once implantation is complete, the developing organism is called a(n)
a. fetus. c. germ disc.
b. zygote. d. embryo.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.17 The developing organism is called an embryo
a. from the moment of conception. c. when bodily systems begin to work.
b. when cell division begins. d. once implantation is complete.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.18 The period of the embryo goes from __________ weeks after conception.
a. zero to two c. six to 12
b. three to eight d. nine to 38
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
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3.19 Most of the body structures and internal organs develop during the period of the
a. embryo. c. zygote.
b. fetus. d. ectoderm.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.20 Three layers called the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm form in the developing organism during the
period of the
a. amnion. c. zygote.
b. fetus. d. embryo.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.21 The hair, the outer layer of skin, and the nervous system develop from the
a. ectoderm. c. mesoderm.
b. endoderm. d. germ disc.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.22 The __________ will form muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.
a. ectoderm c. placenta
b. mesoderm d. endoderm
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.23 The __________ will form the digestive system and the lungs.
a. endoderm c. ectoderm
b. amnion d. mesoderm
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.24 The __________ is the inner layer, the __________ is the middle layer, and the __________ is the outer layer
of the embryo.
a. mesoderm; ectoderm; endoderm c. endoderm; mesoderm; ectoderm
b. ectoderm; mesoderm; endoderm d. endoderm; ectoderm; mesoderm
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.25 The __________ is a fluid-filled sac that cushions the embryo and maintains a constant temperature.
a. placenta c. germ disc
b. umbilical cord d. amniotic sac
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
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3.26 Erin is eight weeks pregnant with her first child. She wonders what her developing child looks like. You tell
her that her developing child resembles a
a. hollow ball.
b. salamander more than a human being.
c. human being complete with eyes, jaw, arms, and legs, but no sex organs.
d. human being complete with functional lungs and sex organs.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.27 The __________ houses blood vessels that join the embryo to the placenta.
a. amnion c. umbilical cord
b. amniotic fluid d. endoderm
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.28 The umbilical cord
a. has blood vessels that connect the embryo to the placenta.
b. has blood vessels that are directly connected to the mother’s blood vessels.
c. develops during the period of the fetus.
d. is filled with amniotic fluid.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.29 In the __________, the blood vessels from the umbilical cord run close to the mother’s blood vessels, but
aren’t actually connected to them.
a. amnion c. zygote
b. placenta d. germ disc
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.30 The longest phase of prenatal development is the period of
a. the embryo. c. the fetus.
b. viability. d. the zygote.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.31 The period of the __________ lasts from nine to 38 weeks after conception.
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a. fetus c. germ disc
b. zygote d. embryo
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.32 During the period of __________, the developing individual becomes much larger and its bodily systems
begin to work.
a. the zygote c. the embryo
b. the fetus d. differentiation
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.33 The age of viability refers to the
a. time since conception.
b. age at which a baby is expected to be born.
c. age at which a fetus can hear sounds.
d. age at which a fetus has a chance to survive if born.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.34 The age of viability occurs around the
a. third month of prenatal development. c. seventh month of prenatal development.
b. fifth month of prenatal development. d. ninth month of prenatal development.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.35 Cheri is 28 weeks pregnant, has gone into labor, and is worried about what will happen if her baby is born
now. Cheri’s baby
a. is unlikely to survive.
b. has a chance to survive, but may have difficulty breathing and regulating his body temperature.
c. has a chance to survive, but will not yet be able to hear.
d. is sufficiently developed that he has an excellent chance of survival with little risk of developmental
problems.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.36 During the period of the fetus
a. cells begin to differentiate.
b. most of the bodily structures and organs are formed.
c. an insulating layer of fat develops.
d. very little growth of the fetus occurs.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
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3.37 Newborns whose mothers had read The Cat in the Hat aloud twice a day during the last two months of
pregnancy
a. did not show any recognition of the story.
b. would suck to hear tapes of their mother reading The Cat in the Hat, but not other stories.
c. could not hear the story because their ears were not well-developed.
d. listened to The Cat in the Hat and other stories equally.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.38 Research in which mothers read aloud during the last months of their pregnancy suggests that
a. fetuses are unable to hear.
b. fetuses are able to hear in utero, but will not remember what they heard in utero after they are born.
c. newborns are able to recognize some sounds they heard before they were born.
d. both fetuses and newborns prefer non-rhythmic to rhythmic sounds.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.39 Your friend, Cassie, is eight months pregnant and has heard that she should read to her unborn child. What
would you tell her based on research of reading aloud during pregnancy?
a. Don’t bother. Your baby’s hearing isn’t sufficiently developed to hear you anyway.
b. Your baby can hear, but the uterine environment is so noisy that your baby is not going to hear what you
read very well.
c. If you read to your baby before she’s born, she will be able to hear you, but she won’t have any memory
of it after she’s born.
d. If you read to your baby before she’s born, not only will she hear you, but after she is born she might
recognize the rhythm of a story you read to her in utero.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.40 Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for having a healthy baby?
a. Stop drinking alcohol and caffeinated beverages.
b. Eat healthy foods including food from each of the five major food groups.
c. Limit exercise. Exercise during pregnancy can rob the baby of essential nutrients.
d. Get enough rest, especially during the last two months of pregnancy.
Chapter Module: From Conception to Birth
3.41 Which of the following is NOT a general risk factor for prenatal development?
a. nutrition c. mother’s age
b. ethnic background d. stress
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.42 Katrina is pregnant and wonders how much food she should eat. She should
a. reduce her calorie consumption by 10 to 20%.
b. consume the same number of calories as she did before she became pregnant.
c. increase her calorie consumption by 10 to 20%.
d. increase her calorie consumption by 100%.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.43 Amy is of average height and weight. How much weight should she gain during pregnancy?
a. five to 10 pounds c. 25 to 35 pounds
b. 10 to 20 pounds d. 40 to 50 pounds
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.44 The weight of the baby, placenta, and amniotic fluid makes up about __________ of the weight that a
pregnant woman gains.
a. one-quarter c. one-half
b. one-third d. all
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.45 When pregnant women do not consume enough folic acid, they are likely to have babies born with
a. rubella. c. cytomegalovirus.
b. low birth weight. d. spina bifida.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.46 Which of the following pregnant women has an increased risk of having a child with spina bifida?
a. Elizabeth, who is under a great deal of stress c. Eleanor, who has rubella
b. Elaine, who is a heavy drinker d. Ellen, whose diet is low in folic acid
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.47 Inadequate prenatal nourishment is associated with
a. damage to the nervous system. c. deafness.
b. blindness. d. encephalitis.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
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3.48 Your friend, Kristy, is terribly concerned about getting fat during pregnancy, so she has severely restricted her
calorie intake. What would you tell her about eating during pregnancy?
a. “You’re right to keep your calorie intake low. It’ll make losing weight after the baby’s born much easier,
and the baby won’t be affected because she is going to get all the nourishment she needs from you
anyway.”
b. “Keep restricting your calories! Research shows that mothers who eat low calorie, low fat diets during
pregnancy have healthier, smarter babies.”
c. “You’d better start eating better. Inadequately nourished babies are likely to be born prematurely, are
more vulnerable to illness, and may have damaged nervous systems.”
d. “Eat whatever you want and don’t worry about getting fat. Ninety percent of the weight gained during
pregnancy is the baby, the placenta, and the fluid in the amniotic sac. Just make sure you get plenty of
calories and you’ll have a healthy baby.”
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.49 Which of the following is TRUE of the relationship between maternal stress during pregnancy and outcomes
for the baby?
a. Maternal stress increases the flow of blood to the fetus.
b. Women who report greater anxiety during pregnancy more often give birth early or have babies who
weigh less than average.
c. Stress does not seem to affect a pregnant woman’s immune system.
d. The effects of occasional, mild anxiety are the same as those associated with prolonged, extreme stress.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.50 Stress during pregnancy
a. is harmful even when it is relatively mild.
b. increases the mother’s resistance to illness during pregnancy.
c. is associated with premature birth and low birthweight babies.
d. does not appear to have any harmful effects on the developing child.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.51 Regina is pregnant and has heard that maternal stress during pregnancy can be harmful to the unborn baby.
She is generally calm and happy, but becomes a little upset when her favorite basketball team loses and
wonders if she should stop watching basketball until her baby is born. What should she do?
a. Regina should either quit watching basketball or start rooting for a better team. Maternal stress at any
level has been found to have harmful consequences on prenatal development.
b. Regina should keep following her favorite team. Maternal stress has been found to have a positive,
stimulating effect on an unborn child.
c. As long as Regina doesn’t get too upset and stressed when her team loses, she should keep watching
basketball. Although excessive stress may harm prenatal development, mild anxiety is not thought to
have any harmful consequences on prenatal development.
d. Regina should do whatever she wants to do. Even high levels of stress do not appear to be related to
prenatal development.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.52 Maternal stress during pregnancy may affect prenatal development because when a pregnant woman
experiences stress
a. her immune system is weakened.
b. oxygen flow to the fetus is increased.
c. she is less likely to smoke and drink.
d. she is more likely to consume high levels of folic acid.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.53 Teenage mothers are
a. more likely to have children who do less well in school and who have more behavioral problems.
b. more likely to have babies with Down syndrome.
c. less likely to have problems with pregnancy, labor, and delivery.
d. are more likely to seek out prenatal care.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.54 Roxanne is a 16-year-old African American pregnant with her first child. Which of the following statements
is true?
a. If Roxanne gets adequate prenatal care, she is just as likely as a woman in her 20s to have a problem-free
pregnancy and to give birth to a healthy child.
b. If Roxanne gives birth to a healthy child, the child has no greater risk of later school or behavioral
problems than a child born to a woman in her 20s.
c. Roxanne is as likely as a woman in her 20s to seek out good prenatal care.
d. Even with good prenatal care, Roxanne is less likely than a woman in her 20s to have a problem-free
pregnancy and a healthy child.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.55 Sara Jaffee believes that teenage motherhood leads to harmful consequences through two distinct
mechanisms. One of these mechanism refers to events set in motion when a teenage girl gives birth — events
that make it harder for her to provide a positive environment for her child’s development. This is known as
a. social influence. c. social selection.
b. peer pressure. d. social engineering.
.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
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3.56 The incidence of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome is highest for women in their
a. teens. c. thirties.
b. twenties. d. forties.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.57 Who has the best chance of having a healthy baby?
a. Silvia, who is 16 years old and under a great deal of stress because her pregnancy is unwanted and she’s
afraid to tell anyone about it.
b. Judi, who is 26 years old and constantly dieting.
c. Rebecca, who is 34 years old and gets regular checkups.
d. Lynn, who is 42 years old and eats right.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.58 Any agent that causes abnormal prenatal development is referred to as a(n)
a. teratogen. c. anoxia.
b. stress. d. cytomegalovirus.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.59 Women who took thalidomide during pregnancy gave birth to offspring with a high incidence of
a. mental retardation. c. deformed arms, legs, hands, or fingers.
b. deafness and blindness. d. poor verbal and memory skills.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.60 __________ during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of having a baby with deformed arms, legs,
hands, or fingers.
a. Having AIDS c. Using cocaine
b. Using marijuana d. Taking thalidomide
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.61 Gitte has AIDS and is pregnant. What are the potential consequences for her offspring?
a. frequent infections, neurological disorders, and death
b. mental retardation, damage to eyes, ears, and heart
c. deafness, blindness, and an abnormally small head
d. encephalitis, enlarged spleen, and improper blood clotting
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Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.62 __________ can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her baby as it passes through the birth canal.
a. Genital herpes c. Syphilis
b. Rubella d. Cytomegalovirus
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.63 __________ can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her baby both through the placenta and during
passage through the birth canal.
a. Genital herpes c. Syphilis
b. Cytomegalovirus d. AIDS
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.64 Kim contracted rubella while she was pregnant; therefore, she is at risk of having a baby with
a. mental retardation and damaged eyes, ears, and heart.
b. damage to the central nervous system, teeth, and bones.
c. an abnormally small head.
d. frequent infections and neurological disorders.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.65 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
a. is a genetic disorder.
b. can result in an abnormally small head.
c. is associated with deformed arms, legs, hands, or fingers.
d. is likely to result in encephalitis.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.66 Children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
a. are usually born prematurely. c. usually have normal levels of intelligence.
b. may have serious attentional problems. d. have deformed limbs.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.67 The best policy for pregnant women to follow concerning alcohol is to
a. not drink at all. c. drink moderately.
b. drink lightly. d. drink heavily.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.68 Anne drank heavily during her pregnancy. She has an increased risk of having a child
a. who is mentally retarded. c. with deformed limbs.
b. with Down syndrome. d. who is irritable.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.69 Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is most likely among women who are heavy recreational drinkers, which is
defined as drinking ___________ ounces of alcohol a few times each week.
a. 9 or more c. 7 or more
b. 5 or more d. 3 or more
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.70 Women who smoke marijuana while pregnant have an increased risk of having a(n)
a. irritable baby.
b. low birthweight baby with poor motor control.
c. baby with facial deformities and retarded growth.
d. mentally retarded baby.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.71 Your friend Melinda just found out she is pregnant. Melinda is a heavy drinker. She wants to know if her
baby will be okay if she reduces her drinking, but doesn’t stop completely. You tell Melinda that this isn’t a
good idea because her baby may develop alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND). Which of
the following is a symptom of ARND?
a. facial abnormalities c. deficits in attention
b. deficits in memory d. deficits in intelligence
.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.72 Exposure to lead, mercury, or X-rays during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of
a. mental retardation. c. facial deformities.
b. premature birth. d. poor motor control.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
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3.73 Maternal exposure to PCBs during pregnancy is associated with
a. hyperactivity. c. retarded growth.
b. deafness. d. below average verbal and memory abilities.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.74 Prenatal exposure to X-rays is associated with
a. leukemia. c. deformed limbs.
b. cerebral palsy. d. blindness.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.75 What is the current recommendation for pregnant women regarding cell phone use during pregnancy?
a. Keep your cell phone at a distance when it’s not being used and never use it while driving.
b. There are no risks associated with cell phone use during pregnancy. Use your phone anytime you want!
c. Do not use a cell phone at all during pregnancy. Cell phone use during pregnancy is hazardous to the
health of the pregnant women and her unborn child..
d. Cell phone use during pregnancy is only dangerous if used while driving — don’t talk and drive!
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.76 The general principle that the impact of a teratogen depends upon the genotype of the organism is best
illustrated by
a. rubella being more likely to cause birth defects during some times of pregnancy than during others.
b. thalidomide during pregnancy causing deformed limbs, but not low birth weight, while the use of
marijuana during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight but not deformed limbs.
c. the effects of eating PCB-contaminated fish while pregnant not being obvious when a child is born, but
appearing later in the child’s life.
d. two women who both drank heavily during pregnancy with one of them giving birth to a child with fetal
alcohol syndrome and the other giving birth to a normal, healthy child.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.77 Which of the following statements is TRUE of the influence of teratogens on prenatal development?
a. If a teratogen is harmful to one species of mammals it will be harmful to all species of mammals.
b. Teratogens have widespread, not specific, effects on prenatal development.
c. The timing of exposure to a teratogen is important.
d. Damage from teratogens is always evident at birth.
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Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.78 Exposure to teratogens during the period of the zygote usually results in
a. major defects in bodily structure. c. improperly functioning body systems.
b. minor defects in bodily structure. d. spontaneous abortion.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.79 Exposure to teratogens during __________ is most likely to produce major defects in bodily structure.
a. conception c. the period of the zygote
b. the period of the fetus d. the period of the embryo
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.80 During __________, exposure to teratogens is most often associated with minor defects in bodily structure or
improperly functioning body systems.
a. conception c. the period of the fetus
b. the period of the embryo d. the period of the zygote
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.81 Which of the following is TRUE about how teratogens usually work?
a. The impact of a teratogen is the same for all organisms.
b. The impact of a teratogen stays the same over the course of prenatal development.
c. Damage from teratogens is always evident at birth.
d. Each teratogen affects a specific aspect of prenatal development.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.82 Your friend Angela, who is four months pregnant, shows you a picture of her unborn child. You say to her, “I
see you must have had
a. amniocentesis.” c. fetal surgery.”
b. chorionic villus sampling.” d. an ultrasound.”
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.83 If a doctor is trying to determine the presence of multiple fetuses, which procedure would MOST likely be
used?
a. amniocentesis c. chorionic villus sampling
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b. ultrasound d. fetal surgery
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.84 Amniocentesis is most likely to be used to
a. check for gross physical deformities. c. detect genetic disorders.
b. detect multiple pregnancies. d. perform corrective surgery.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.85 Melody is eight weeks pregnant and wants to find out as soon as possible whether her unborn baby has any
genetic disorders. Which prenatal diagnostic technique would be most appropriate to use?
a. amniocentesis c. fetal surgery
b. ultrasound d. chorionic villus sampling
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.86 Vanessa, who is seven months pregnant, just found out that her son has spina bifida. Vanessa opts to undergo
fetal surgery to have her son’s spinal cord repaired. This advanced form of surgery is part of a whole new
field called
a. fetal medicine. c. chorionic villus sampling.
b. genetic engineering. d. social selection.
Chapter Module: Influences on Prenatal Development
3.87 During labor, the:
a. third stage lasts the longest amount of time. c. third stage is when the baby is born.
b. opening of the cervix gets larger. d. second stage of labor is most painful.
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.88 For the birth of a first child, the first stage of labor usually lasts
a. 1 to 2 hours. c. 12 to 24 hours.
b. 3 to 8 hours. d. 48 hours.
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.89 Which is the longest stage of labor?
a. the first stage c. the third stage
b. the second stage d. all three stages last about the same length of time
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Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.90 At the end of the first stage of labor, the cervix is dilated
a. one centimeter. c. seven to eight centimeters.
b. five centimeters. d. 10 centimeters.
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.91 Natasha is having strong, regular contractions and her cervix is dilated to eight centimeters. She is in the
__________ stage of labor.
a. first c. third
b. second d. fourth
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.92 Marla is getting ready to give birth to her second child and wonders how this labor will compare to the labor
she went through when having her first child. If Marla is typical, her labor will be
a. more painful. c. shorter.
b. more irregular. d. longer.
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.93 The early, late, and transition phases are part of the __________ stage of labor.
a. first c. third
b. second d. fourth
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.94 Heather’s cervix is fully dilated. She is just beginning the __________ stage of labor.
a. first c. third
b. second d. fourth
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.95 Nina is in labor and feels a strong urge to push her baby out. Which stage of labor is she in?
a. first c. third
b. second d. fourth
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.96 When the top of the baby’s head appears during childbirth it is called
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a. crowning. c. a breech presentation.
b. placenta previa. d. the transition phase.
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.97 Being born feet first is known as
a. anoxia. c. dilation.
b. crowning. d. breech presentation.
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.98 While giving birth, Jutta is informed that her baby is in a breech presentation. What does that mean?
a. Jutta’s baby is presenting in a feet-first or buttocks-first position.
b. Jutta’s baby is lying in a sideways position across the cervix.
c. Jutta’s baby is presenting in a head-first position.
d. Jutta’s baby is presenting in an arms-first position.
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.99 During childbirth, the baby emerges from the mother’s body at the end of the __________ stage of labor.
a. first c. third
b. second d. fourth
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.100 During the third stage of labor, the
a. baby emerges from the mother’s body. c. mother experiences the most painful part of labor.
b. muscles of the uterus start to contract. d. placenta is expelled from the uterus.
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.101 The __________ stage of labor is the shortest, usually lasting 10 to 15 minutes.
a. first c. third
b. second d. fourth
Chapter Module: Happy Birthday!
3.102 Anesthesia that is used during childbirth
a. does not cross the placental barrier.
b. does not influence the mother’s ability to push the baby through the birth canal.
c. is associated with long-lasting increases in sociability in infants.
d. is likely to result in a baby who is withdrawn or irritable for days or weeks after birth.