Chapter 01 When 1886 American households were surveyed

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Ch.1 IntroductiontoStatistics

1.1 AnOverviewofStatistics

1 DistinguishBetweenaPopulationandaSample

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Determinewhetherthedatasetisapopulationorasample.

1) Theageofeveryfourthpersonenteringadepartmentstore

A) sample B) population

2) Theageofeachemployeeatalocalgrocerystore

A) population B) sample

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Identifythepopulationandthesample.

3) Asurveyof1782Americanhouseholdsfoundthat80%ofthehouseholdsownacomputer.

4) When1886Americanhouseholdsweresurveyed,itwasfoundthat85%ofthemownedtwocars.

5) Asurveyof2625elementaryschoolchildrenfoundthat28%ofthechildrencouldbeclassifiedasobese.

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

UsetheVenndiagramtoidentifythepopulationandthesample.

A) Population:Magazinesubscribers;Sample;Magazinesubscriberswhorenewtheirsubscription

B) Population:Magazinesubscriberswhorenewtheirsubscription;Sample:Magazinesubscribers

2 DistinguishBetweenaParameterandaStatistic

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Determinewhetherthenumericalvalueisaparameterorastatistic.Explainyourreasoning.

1) Arecentsurveybythealumniofamajoruniversityindicatedthattheaveragesalaryof7500ofits200,000

graduateswas$95,000.

2) Theaveragesalaryofallassembly–lineemployeesatacertaincarmanufactureris$42,000.

3) Asurveyof1208studentswastakenfromauniversitywith20,000 students.

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3 DistinguishBetweenDescriptiveStatisticsandInferentialStatistics

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Identifywhetherthestatementdescribesinferentialstatisticsordescriptivestatistics.

1) Theaverageageofthestudentsinastatisticsclassis22 years.

A) descriptivestatistics B) inferentialstatistics

2) ThechancesofwinningtheCaliforniaLotteryareonechanceintwenty–twomillion.

A) inferentialstatistics B) descriptivestatistics

3) Thereisarelationshipbetweensmokingcigarettesandgettingemphysema.

A) inferentialstatistics B) descriptivestatistics

4) Frompastfigures,itispredictedthat41%oftheregisteredvotersinCaliforniawillvoteintheJuneprimary.

A) inferentialstatistics B) descriptivestatistics

5) Basedonpreviousclients,amarriagecounselorconcludesthatthemajorityofmarriagesthatbeginwith

cohabitationbeforemarriagewillresultindivorce.

A) inferentialstatistics B) descriptivestatistics

4 Concepts

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Provideanappropriateresponse.

1) Explainthedifferencebetweenasampleandapopulation.

2) Ifyouhadtodoastatisticalstudy,wouldyouuseasampleorapopulation?Why?

1.2 DataClassification

1 DistinguishBetweenQualitativeandQuantitativeData

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Determinewhetherthedataarequalitativeorquantitative.

1) thecolorsofautomobilesonausedcarlot

A) qualitative B) quantitative

2) thenumberofcomplaintlettersreceivedbytheUnitedStatesPostalServiceinagivenday

A) quantitative B) qualitative

3) thenumberofseatsinamovietheater

A) quantitative B) qualitative

4) thenumbersontheshirtsofagirlʹssoccerteam

A) qualitative B) quantitative

2 ClassifyDatawithRespecttotheFourLevelsofMeasurement

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Identifythedatasetʹslevelofmeasurement.

1) haircolorofwomenonahighschooltennisteam

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

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2) numbersontheshirtsofagirlʹssoccerteam

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

3) agesofstudentsinastatisticclass

A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

4) temperaturesof73selectedrefrigerators

A) interval B) ordinal C) nominal D) ratio

5) numberofmilligramsoftarin85cigarettes

A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

6) numberofpagesinyourstatisticsbook

A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

7) marriagestatus(married,single,ordivorced)ofthefacultyattheUniversityofColorado

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

8) listof1239socialsecuritynumbers

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

9) theratingsofamovierangingfromʺpoorʺtoʺgoodʺtoʺexcellentʺ

A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval D) ratio

10) thefinalgrades(A,B,C,D,andF)forstudentsinastatisticsclass

A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval D) ratio

11) theannualsalariesforallteachersinCalifornia

A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

12) listofzipcodesforChicago

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

13) thenationalitieslistedinarecentsurvey(forexample,Asian,European,orHispanic).

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

14) theamountsoffat(ingrams)in29cookies

A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

15) theyearsthesummerOlympicswereheldintheUnitedStates

A) interval B) ordinal C) nominal D) ratio

16) numbersoftouchdownsscoredbyamajoruniversityinfiverandomlyselectedgames

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A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

17) theaveragedailytemperatures(indegreesFahrenheit)onfiverandomlyselecteddays

34 22 31 21 38

A) interval B) nominal C) ordinal D) ratio

18) manuscriptsratedʺacceptableʺorʺunacceptableʺ

A) ordinal B) nominal C) ratio D) interval

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19) thelengths(inminutes)ofthetoptenmovieswithrespecttoticketsalesin2007

A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval

20) thedatalistedonthehorizontalaxisinthegraph

A) nominal B) interval C) ordinal D) ratio

21) thedatalistedonthehorizontalaxisinthegraph

A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval

3 Concepts

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Provideanappropriateresponse.

1) Explainthedifferencesbetweentheintervalandratiolevelsofmeasurement.

2) ExplainwhydataexpressedwiththeCelsiustemperaturescaleisattheintervallevelofmeasurementrather

thantheratiolevel.

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1.3 DataCollectionandExperimentalDesig

1 DecideWhetherStudyisObservationalStudyorExperiment

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Determinewhetherthestudyisanobservationalstudyoranexperiment.

1) Amedicalresearcherobtainsasampleofadultssufferingfromdiabetes.Sherandomlyassigns67 peopletoa

treatmentgroupand67toaplacebogroup.Thetreatmentgroupreceivesamedicationoveraperiodofthree

monthsandtheplacebogroupreceivesaplacebooverthesametimeframe.Attheendofthreemonthsthe

patientsʹsymptomsareevaluated.

A) experiment B) observationalstudy

2) Apollisconductedinwhichprofessionalmusiciansareaskedtheirages.

A) observationalstudy B) experiment

3) Apollsterobtainsasampleofstudentsandasksthemhowtheywillvoteonanupcomingreferendum.

A) observationalstudy B) experiment

4) Thepersonneldirectoratalargecompanywouldliketodeterminewhetherthecompanycafeteriaiswidely

usedbyemployees.Shecallseachemployeeandasksthemwhethertheyusuallybringtheirownlunch,eatat

thecompanycafeteria,orgooutforlunch.

A) observationalstudy B) experiment

5) Ascientistwasstudyingtheeffectsofanewfertilizeroncropyield.Sherandomlyassignedhalfoftheplotson

afarmtogrouponeandtheremainingplotstogrouptwo.Ontheplotsingroupone,thenewfertilizerwas

usedforayear.Ontheplotsingrouptwo,theoldfertilizerwasused.Attheendoftheyeartheaveragecrop

yieldfortheplotsingrouponewascomparedwiththeaveragecropyieldfortheplotsingrouptwo.

A) experiment B) observationalstudy

6) Aresearcherobtainedarandomsampleof100smokersandarandomsampleof100nonsmokers.After

interviewingall200participantsinthestudy,theresearchercomparedtherateofdepressionamongthe

smokerswiththerateofdepressionamongnonsmokers.

A) observationalstudy B) experiment

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Identifytheexperimentalunitsandtreatmentsusedintheexperiment.

7) Amedicalresearchercenterwantstotesttheeffectivenessofanewdiabetesmedication.Thecompany

identifies82adultssufferingfromasimilarformofdiabetes.Thesubjectsarerandomlyassignedtotwo

groups.Onegroupisgivenamedicationandtheotherisgivenaplacebothatlooksexactlylikethemedication.

Afterthreemonths,thesubjectsʹsymptomsarestudiedandcompared.

2IdentifyaBiasedSample

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Provideanappropriateresponse.

1) Explainwhatbiasthereisinastudydoneentirelyonline.

2) AreportsponsoredbytheCaliforniaCitrusCommissionstatedthatcholesterollevelscanbeloweredby

drinkingatleastoneglassofacitrusproducteachday.Determineifthereportisbiased.

3) Alocalnewspaperranasurveybyasking,ʺDoyousupportthedeploymentofaweaponthatcouldkill

millionsofinnocentpeople?ʺDeterminewhetherthesurveyquestionisbiased.

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3 IdentifySamplingTechniques

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Identifythesamplingtechniqueused.

1) Thirty–fivesophomores,24juniorsand25 seniorsarerandomlyselectedfrom388sophomores,418 juniorsand

573seniorsatacertainhighschool.

A) stratified B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic

2) Everyfifthpersonboardingaplaneissearchedthoroughly.

A) systematic B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) stratified

3) Atalocalcommunitycollege,fivestatisticsclassesarerandomlyselectedoutof20andallofthestudentsfrom

eachclassareinterviewed.

A) cluster B) random C) convenience D) systematic E) stratified

4) Aresearcherrandomlyselectsandinterviewsfiftymaleandfiftyfemaleteachers.

A) stratified B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic

5) Aresearcherforanairlineinterviewsallofthepassengersonfiverandomlyselectedflights.

A) cluster B) random C) convenience D) systematic E) stratified

6) Acommunitycollegestudentinterviewseveryoneinastatisticsclasstodeterminethepercentageofstudents

thatownacar.

A) convenience B) random C) cluster D) systematic E) stratified

7) Basedon11,000responsesfrom48,000 questionnairessenttoitsalumni,amajoruniversityestimatedthatthe

annualsalaryofitsalumniwas$118,000peryear.

A) random B) stratified C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic

8) Inarecenttelevisionsurvey,participantswereaskedtoanswerʺyesʺorʺnoʺtothequestionʺAreyouinfavor

ofthedeathpenalty?ʺSixthousandfivehundredrespondedʺyesʺwhile5100respondedʺnoʺ.Therewasa

fifty–centchargeforthecall.

A) convenience B) random C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic

9) Alobbyistforamajorairspacefirmassignsanumbertoeachlegislatorandthenusesacomputertorandomly

generatetennumbers.Thelobbyistcontactsthelegislatorscorrespondingtothesenumbers.

A) random B) convenience C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic

10) Toensurecustomersatisfaction,every5thphonecallreceivedbycustomerservicewillbemonitored.

A) systematic B) random C) cluster D) stratified E) convenience

11) Amarketresearcherrandomlyselects100driversunder45 yearsofageand200driversover45 yearsofage.

A) stratified B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic

12) Toavoidworkinglate,thequalitycontrolmanagerinspectsthelast10itemsproducedthatday.

A) convenience B) random C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic

13) Thenamesof70contestantsarewrittenon70cards.Thecardsareplacedinabag,andthreenamesarepicked

fromthebag.

A) random B) stratified C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic

14) Aresearcherrandomlyselected50ofthenationʹsmiddleschoolsandinterviewedalloftheteachersateach

school.

A) cluster B) random C) stratified D) convenience E) systematic

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SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Provideanappropriateresponse.

15) Afterahurricane,adisasterareaisdividedinto200equalgrids.Thirtyofthegridsareselectedandevery

occupiedhouseholdinthegridisinterviewedtohelpfocusreliefefforts.Selectthenumbersofthefirstfive

gridsthatbelongtotheclustersample.

16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157

16) Thereare750incomingfreshmenattendingauniversitythisfall.Aresearcherwishestosendquestionnairesto

asampleof30ofthemtocompleteregardingtheirdrinkinghabits.Selectthenumbersofthefirstfive

freshmenwhobelongtothesimplerandomsample.

16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157

17) Acollegeemploys85facultymembers.Withoutreplacement,selectthenumbersofthefivememberswhowill

serveonthetenurecommitteenextyear.

16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157

18) Ofthe5000outpatientsreleasedfromalocalhospitalinthepastyear,onehundredwerecontactedandasked

theiropiniononthecaretheyreceived.Selectthefirstfivepatientswhobelongtothesimplerandomsample.

16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Determinewhetheryouwouldtakeacensusoruseasampling.Ifyouwoulduseasampling,decidewhatsampling

techniqueyouwoulduse.

19) Theaverageageofthe80residentsofanassistedlivingcenter.

A) census B) randomsampling C) stratifiedsampling D) clustersampling

4 Concepts

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Provideanappropriateresponse.

1) Explainthedifferencesbetweenclustersamplingandstratifiedsampling.

2) Explainthedifferencebetweenacensusandasamplinganddescribetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesof

each.

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Ch.1 IntroductiontoStatistics

AnswerKey

1.1 AnOverviewofStatistics

1 DistinguishBetweenaPopulationandaSample

2 DistinguishBetweenaParameterandaStatistic

3 DistinguishBetweenDescriptiveStatisticsandInferentialStatistics

4 Concepts

1.2 DataClassification

1 DistinguishBetweenQualitativeandQuantitativeData

2 ClassifyDatawithRespecttotheFourLevelsofMeasurement

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3 Concepts

1.3 DataCollectionandExperimentalDesig

1 DecideWhetherStudyisObservationalStudyorExperiment

2 IdentifyaBiasedSample

3 IdentifySamplingTechniques

4Concepts

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