151. Organization development is a specific set of management techniques based in the behavioral science approach.
a. True
b. False
152. The scientific management perspective refers to the management thinking and practice that emphasizes satisfaction
of employees’ basic needs as the key to increased worker productivity.
a. True
b. False
153. The management science approach uses qualitative data in management decision making.
a. True
b. False
154. The field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services refers to operations
management.
a. True
b. False
155. Information technology is the most recent subfield of the quantitative perspective.
a. True
b. False
156. The term “quants” refers to financial managers and others who base their decisions on complex quantitative
analysis, under assumption that using advanced mathematics and technology can accurately predict how the market
works.
a. True
b. False
157. Contingency thinking is the ability to see both the distinct elements of a system or situation and the complex and
changing interaction among those elements.
a. True
b. False
158. When the shop foreman receives and rewards valuable suggestions from its workers, and this leads to continual
improvement of production, synergy has occurred.
a. True
b. False
159. Discerning circles of causality is an important element of systems thinking.
a. True
b. False
160. Contingency theory suggests that managers are more successful if they learn the best way to manage and motivate
their employees, and then apply this knowledge in a universally consistent way.
a. True
b. False
161. A contingency view argues that there is one best way to manage an organization.
a. True
b. False
162. The inherent focus of TQM is on managing the total organization to deliver quality to the customer.
a. True
b. False
163. Although developed by a Japanese business manager, the quality movement is strongly associated with American
companies.
a. True
b. False
164. Benchmarking involves finding out what the customer wants.
a. True
b. False
165. A process whereby companies find out how others do something better than they do and then try to imitate or
improve on it refers to outsourcing.
a. True
b. False
166. The implementation of small, incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis refers to
continuous improvement.
a. True
b. False
167. Six Sigma refers to an innovation mindset, used widely by Indian companies, that strives to meet customers’
immediate needs quickly and inexpensively.
a. True
b. False
168. Supply chain management refers to the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing
from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.
a. True
b. False
169. Customer relationship management systems collect and manage large amounts of data about customers and make
them available to employees.
a. True
b. False
170. A supply chain is a network of multiple businesses and individuals that are connected through the flow of products
or services.
a. True
b. False
171. is the most current management perspective.
a. Total quality management
b. Contingency views
c. Systems theory
d. Open (collaborative) innovation
e. Classical perspective
172. The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw the development of which management perspective?
a. The human relations movement
b. The behavioral sciences approach
c. The classical perspective
d. The quantitative management approach
e. The TQM approach
173. Which of these perspectives emphasized a rational, scientific approach to the study of management and sought to
make organizations efficient operating machines?
a. The Humanistic Perspective
b. The Behavioral Sciences Approach
c. The Classical Perspective
d. The TQM approach
e. The Quantitative Management Approach
174. Which of these is a subfield of the classical management perspective that emphasized scientifically determined
changes in management practices as the solution to improving labor productivity?
a. The human relations movement
b. The behavioral sciences approach
c. The TQM approach
d. The quantitative management approach
e. The scientific management movement
175. Frank Gilbreth felt that efficiency equated with:
a. one best way to do work.
b. leadership flows from the top down.
c. procedures and policies.
d. scientific management.
e. bureaucracy.
176. Time and motion studies that resulted in drastic reduction in the time patients spent on the operating table were
pioneered by .
a. Edward Deming
b. Henry Gantt
c. Max Weber
d. Mary Parker Follett
e. Frank Gilbreth
177. Who is considered the “first lady of management?”
a. Mary Parker Follett
b. Lillian Gilbreth
c. Carly Fiorona
d. Maxine Weber
e. Anne Adams
178. The three subfields of the classical perspective include:
a. quantitative management, behavioral science, and administrative management.
b. bureaucratic organization, quantitative management, and the human relations movement.
c. administrative management, bureaucratic organization, and scientific management.
d. scientific management, quantitative management, and administrative management.
e. none of these.
179. is considered the “father of scientific management.”
a. Frank B. Gilbreth
b. Elton Mayo
c. Henry Gantt
d. Douglas McGregor
e. Frederick W. Taylor
180. Which of the following is a bar graph that measures planned and completed work along each stage of production by
time elapsed?
a. Time and Work chart
b. Gantt chart
c. Time and Motion chart
d. Production and Delivery chart
e. Gilbreth chart
181. Frederick Taylor’s contributions were in the field of:
a. scientific management.
b. human resource management.
c. human relations.
d. quantitative management.
e. total quality management.
182. Which of the following is not a criticism of scientific management?
a. It does not appreciate the social context of work.
b. It does not appreciate the higher needs of workers.
c. It does not appreciate the careful study of tasks and jobs.
d. It does not acknowledge variance among individuals.
e. It tends to regard workers as uninformed and ignored their ideas and suggestions.
183. Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of:
a. bureaucratic organizations.
b. scientific management.
c. quantitative management.
d. administrative management.
e. behavioral science.
184. Which of these is a major criticism of scientific management?
a. It ignored the social context of work.
b. It ignored the impact of compensation on performance.
c. It overemphasized individual differences.
d. It overemphasized the intelligence of workers.
e. It emphasized the social context of work.
185. The bureaucratic organizations approach is a subfield within the .
a. classical perspective
b. systems theory
c. scientific management
d. learning organization
e. management science view
186. According to Weber’s ideas on bureaucracy, organizations should be based on which of these?
a. Personal loyalty
b. Personal references
c. Rational authority
d. Family ties
e. Charismatic authority
187. Whereas scientific management focused on , administrative principles approach focused on the .
a. individual productivity; total organization
b. organization productivity; individual effort
c. efficient procedures; management by principle
d. employee ability; employee loyalty
e. employee competence; work flow through the organization
188. Archies’ Antiques, Inc., is characterized by separation of management from ownership and by clearly defined lines
of authority and responsibility. These characteristics are consistent with the principles of:
a. scientific management.
b. bureaucratic organizations.
c. administrative management theory.
d. human resource management.
e. all of these.
189. All of the following are characteristics of Weberian bureaucracy except:
a. labor is divided with clear definitions of authority and responsibility that are legitimized as official duties.
b. positions are organized in a hierarchy of authority, with each position under the authority of a higher one.
c. all personnel are selected and promoted based on technical qualifications.
d. administrative acts and decisions are recorded in writing.
e. management is the same as the ownership of the organization.
190. Max Weber felt selection of employees should be based on .
a. education
b. competence
c. connections
d. political skills
e. efficient systems
191. Positions organized in a hierarchy of authority is an important characteristic of:
a. scientific management.
b. bureaucratic organizations.
c. quantitative management.
d. the human relations movement.
e. total quality management.
192. Mary Parker Follett contributed to which field?
a. Humanistic approach
b. Scientific management approach
c. Total quality management approach
d. Quantitative approach to management
e. Systems approach to management
193. The principle that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager is the essence
of the classical perspective known as:
a. unity of command.
b. division of work.
c. unity of direction.
d. scalar chain.
e. quality management.
194. The use of specialization to produce more and better work with the same level of effort is consistent with the
administrative management principle of:
a. unity of command.
b. unity of direction.
c. scalar chain.
d. division of work.
e. none of these
195. Genex Dynamics is a ballistics company that uses the unity of command, scalar chain, and division of work
principles. These are part of which management philosophy?
a. Administrative principles approach
b. Bureaucratic approach
c. Scientific management approach
d. Humanistic approach
e. Behavioral sciences approach
196. The refers to a chain of authority extending from top to the bottom of the organization and including every
employee.
a. unity of command
b. division of labor
c. unity of direction
d. scalar chain
e. none of these
197. Mary Parker Follett thought of leadership as , rather than techniques.
a. systems
b. procedures
c. people
d. efficiencies
e. statistics