Chapter 01 Data With Respect The Four Levels Measurement

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Ch.1 IntroductiontoStatistics

1.1 AnOverviewofStatistics

1 DistinguishBetweenaPopulationandaSample

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Identifythepopulationandthesample.

1) Asurveyof1378Americanhouseholdsfoundthat27%ofthehouseholdsownacomputer.

2) When1094Americanhouseholdsweresurveyed,itwasfoundthat67%ofthemownedtwocars.

3) Asurveyof2625elementaryschoolchildrenfoundthat28%ofthechildrencouldbeclassifiedasobese.

2 DistinguishBetweenaParameterandaStatistic

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Determinewhetherthenumericalvalueisaparameterorastatistic.Explainyourreasoning.

4) Arecentsurveybythealumniofamajoruniversityindicatedthattheaveragesalaryof10,500ofits175,000

graduateswas$95,000.

5) Theaveragesalaryofallassembly–lineemployeesatacertaincarmanufactureris$41,000..

6) Asurveyof1162studentswastakenfromauniversitywith10,000 students.

3 DistinguishBetweenDescriptiveStatisticsandInferentialStatistics

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Identifywhetherthestatementdescribesinferentialstatisticsordescriptivestatistics.

7) Theaverageageofthestudentsinastatisticsclassis19 years.

A) descriptivestatistics B) inferentialstatistics

8) ThechancesofwinningtheCaliforniaLotteryareonechanceintwenty–twomillion.

A) inferentialstatistics B) descriptivestatistics

9) Thereisarelationshipbetweensmokingcigarettesandgettingemphysema.

A) inferentialstatistics B) descriptivestatistics

10) Frompastfigures,itispredictedthat19%oftheregisteredvotersinCaliforniawillvoteintheJuneprimary.

A) inferentialstatistics B) descriptivestatistics

11) Basedonpreviousclients,amarriagecounselorconcludesthatthemajorityofmarriagesthatbeginwith

cohabitationbeforemarriagewillresultindivorce.

A) inferentialstatistics B) descriptivestatistics

4 Concepts

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Provideanappropriateresponse.

12) Explainthedifferencebetweenasampleandapopulation.

13) Ifyouhadtodoastatisticalstudy,wouldyouuseasampleorapopulation?Why?

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1.2 DataClassification

1 DistinguishBetweenQualitativeandQuantitativeData

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Determinewhetherthedataarequalitativeorquantitative.

1) thecolorsofautomobilesonausedcarlot

A) qualitative B) quantitative

2) thenumberofcomplaintlettersreceivedbytheUnitedStatesPostalServiceinagivenday

A) quantitative B) qualitative

3) thenumberofseatsinamovietheater

A) quantitative B) qualitative

4) thenumbersontheshirtsofagirlʹssoccerteam

A) qualitative B) quantitative

2 ClassifyDatawithRespecttotheFourLevelsofMeasurement

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Identifythedatasetʹslevelofmeasurement.

5) haircolorofwomenonahighschooltennisteam

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

6) numbersontheshirtsofagirlʹssoccerteam

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

7) agesofstudentsinastatisticclass

A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

8) temperaturesof12selectedrefrigerators

A) interval B) ordinal C) nominal D) ratio

9) numberofmilligramsoftarin85cigarettes

A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

10) numberofpagesinyourstatisticsbook

A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

11) marriagestatus(married,single,ordivorced)ofthefacultyattheUniversityofColorado

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

12) listof1202socialsecuritynumbers

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

13) theratingsofamovierangingfromʺpoorʺtoʺgoodʺtoʺexcellentʺ

A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval D) ratio

14) thefinalgrades(A,B,C,D,andF)forstudentsinastatisticsclass

A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval D) ratio

15) theannualsalariesforallteachersinCalifornia

A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

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16) listofzipcodesforChicago

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

17) thenationalitieslistedinarecentsurvey(forexample,Asian,European,orHispanic).

A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio

18) theamountsoffat(ingrams)in52cookies

A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

19) theyearsthesummerOlympicswereheldintheUnitedStates

A) interval B) ordinal C) nominal D) ratio

20) numbersoftouchdownsscoredbyamajoruniversityinfiverandomlyselectedgames

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A) ratio B) ordinal C) interval D) nominal

21) theaveragedailytemperatures(indegreesFahrenheit)onfiverandomlyselecteddays

35 24 30 31 34

A) interval B) nominal C) ordinal D) ratio

22) manuscriptsratedʺacceptableʺorʺunacceptableʺ

A) ordinal B) nominal C) ratio D) interval

23) thelengths(inminutes)ofthetoptenmovieswithrespecttoticketsalesin2007

A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval

24) thedatalistedonthehorizontalaxisinthegraph

A) nominal B) interval C) ordinal D) ratio

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25) thedatalistedonthehorizontalaxisinthegraph

A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval

3 Concepts

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Provideanappropriateresponse.

26) Explainthedifferencesbetweentheintervalandratiolevelsofmeasurement.

27) ExplainwhydataexpressedwiththeCelsiustemperaturescaleisattheintervallevelofmeasurementrather

thantheratiolevel.

1.3 DataCollectionandExperimentalDesig

1 DecideonMethodsofDataCollection

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Decidewhichmethodofdatacollectionyouwouldusetocollectdataforthestudy.Specifyeitherobservational

study,experiment,simulation,orsurvey.

1) Astudywhereadrugwasgivento23patientsandaplacebotoanothergroupof23patientstodetermineifthe

drughasaneffectonapatientʹsillness

A) experiment B) simulation

C) survey D) observationalstudy

2) Astudyofthesalariesofcollegeprofessorsinaparticularstate

A) survey B) simulation

C) experiment D) observationalstudy

3) Astudywhereapoliticalpollsterwishestodetermineifhiscandidateisleadinginthepolls

A) observationalstudy B) simulation

C) experiment D) survey

4) Astudywhereyouwouldliketodeterminethechancegettingthreegirlsinafamilyofthreechildren

A) simulation B) survey

C) experiment D) observationalstudy

5) Astudytoevaluatethesuccessofanewexperimentalprocedureperformedon35patientsatonehospital

A) census B) simulation

C) experiment D) observationalstudy

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2 IdentifyaBiasedSample

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Provideanappropriateresponse.

6) Explainwhatbiasthereisinastudydoneentirelyonline.

7) AreportsponsoredbytheCaliforniaCitrusCommissionstatedthatcholesterollevelscanbeloweredby

drinkingatleastoneglassofacitrusproducteachday.Determineifthereportisbiased.

8) Alocalnewspaperranasurveybyasking,ʺDoyousupportthedeploymentofaweaponthatcouldkill

millionsofinnocentpeople?ʺDeterminewhetherthesurveyquestionisbiased.

3 IdentifySamplingTechniques

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

Identifythesamplingtechniqueused.

9) Thirty–fivesophomores,50juniorsand37 seniorsarerandomlyselectedfrom538sophomores,448 juniorsand

394seniorsatacertainhighschool.

A) stratified B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic

10) Everyfifthpersonboardingaplaneissearchedthoroughly.

A) systematic B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) stratified

11) Atalocalcommunitycollege,fivestatisticsclassesarerandomlyselectedoutof20andallofthestudentsfrom

eachclassareinterviewed.

A) cluster B) random C) convenience D) systematic E) stratified

12) Aresearcherrandomlyselectsandinterviewsfiftymaleandfiftyfemaleteachers.

A) stratified B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic

13) Aresearcherforanairlineinterviewsallofthepassengersonfiverandomlyselectedflights.

A) cluster B) random C) convenience D) systematic E) stratified

14) Acommunitycollegestudentinterviewseveryoneinastatisticsclasstodeterminethepercentageofstudents

thatownacar.

A) convenience B) random C) cluster D) systematic E) stratified

15) Basedon12,500responsesfrom48,000 questionnairessenttoitsalumni,amajoruniversityestimatedthatthe

annualsalaryofitsalumniwas$78,500peryear.

A) random B) stratified C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic

16) Inarecenttelevisionsurvey,participantswereaskedtoanswerʺyesʺorʺnoʺtothequestionʺAreyouinfavor

ofthedeathpenalty?ʺSixthousandfivehundredrespondedʺyesʺwhile4100respondedʺnoʺ.Therewasa

fifty–centchargeforthecall.

A) convenience B) random C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic

17) Alobbyistforamajorairspacefirmassignsanumbertoeachlegislatorandthenusesacomputertorandomly

generatetennumbers.Thelobbyistcontactsthelegislatorscorrespondingtothesenumbers.

A) random B) convenience C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic

18) Toensurecustomersatisfaction,every20thphonecallreceivedbycustomerservicewillbemonitored.

A) systematic B) random C) cluster D) stratified E) convenience

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19) Amarketresearcherrandomlyselects200driversunder55 yearsofageand200driversover55 yearsofage.

A) stratified B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic

20) Toavoidworkinglate,thequalitycontrolmanagerinspectsthelast50itemsproducedthatday.

A) convenience B) random C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic

21) Thenamesof40contestantsarewrittenon40cards.Thecardsareplacedinabag,andthreenamesarepicked

fromthebag.

A) random B) stratified C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic

22) Aresearcherrandomlyselected25ofthenationʹsmiddleschoolsandinterviewedalloftheteachersateach

school.

A) cluster B) random C) stratified D) convenience E) systematic

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Provideanappropriateresponse.

23) Afterahurricane,adisasterareaisdividedinto200equalgrids.Thirtyofthegridsareselectedandevery

occupiedhouseholdinthegridisinterviewedtohelpfocusreliefefforts.Selectthenumbersofthefirstfive

gridsthatbelongtotheclustersample.

16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157

24) Thereare750incomingfreshmenattendingauniversitythisfall.Aresearcherwishestosendquestionnairesto

asampleof30ofthemtocompleteregardingtheirdrinkinghabits.Selectthenumbersofthefirstfive

freshmenwhobelongtothesimplerandomsample.

16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157

25) Acollegeemploys85facultymembers.Withoutreplacement,selectthenumbersofthefivememberswhowill

serveonthetenurecommitteenextyear.

16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157

26) Ofthe5000outpatientsreleasedfromalocalhospitalinthepastyear,onehundredwerecontactedandasked

theiropiniononthecaretheyreceived.Selectthefirstfivepatientswhobelongtothesimplerandomsample.

16348 76938 90169 51392 55887 71015 09209 79157

4 Concepts

SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion.

Provideanappropriateresponse.

27) Explainthedifferencesbetweenclustersamplingandstratifiedsampling.

28) Explainthedifferencebetweenacensusandasamplinganddescribetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesof

each.

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Ch.1 IntroductiontoStatistics

AnswerKey

1.1 AnOverviewofStatistics

1 DistinguishBetweenaPopulationandaSample

2 DistinguishBetweenaParameterandaStatistic

3 DistinguishBetweenDescriptiveStatisticsandInferentialStatistics

4 Concepts

1.2 DataClassification

1 DistinguishBetweenQualitativeandQuantitativeData

2 ClassifyDatawithRespecttotheFourLevelsofMeasurement

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1.3 DataCollectionandExperimentalDesig

1 DecideonMethodsofDataCollection

2 IdentifyaBiasedSample

3 IdentifySamplingTechniques

4 Concepts

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