The juvenile and the adult court use proof beyond a reasonable doubt as the standard for
evidence.
a. True
b. False
The justice system is expensive to run because its employees number about:
a. 2.4 million.
b. 1.5 million.
c. 200,000.
d. 500,000.
The various types of sentences that can be awarded by the courts are called:
a. sentencing sanctions.
b. sentencing choices.
c. sentencing alternatives.
d. sentencing options.
Most inmates leave prison before the completion of their sentence and are placed:
a. in residential treatment.
b. on parole.
c. on house arrest.
d. none of these choices.
Those offenders who are convicted of drug offenses and those who are unable to secure
pretrial release are mostly:
a. whites.
b. women.
c. minorities.
d. teenagers.
Who can issue a warrant once there is an alleged violation of parole?
a. parole officer
b. warrant officer
c. police officer
d. all of these
The Prison Litigation Reform Act:
a. limits the ability of prisoners to complain about conditions of confinement and to
allege violation of their constitutional rights.
b. requires prisoners to pay the full fee when filing a complaint or a down payment.
c. prohibits an indigent prisoner from filing new lawsuits when the prisoner has
previously filed frivolous claims.
d. all of these choices.
Melissa is a female serving a life sentence for murder in a state correctional
facility. She has been in prison for the past 10 years. She is now 36 years old.
Melissa was pregnant with her second childwhen she entered prison. She was also
addicted to cocaine and often turned to prostitution to support her habit. She
ended up killing a customer who refused to pay her for her prostitution services.
When Melissa entered prison, she was about 6 months pregnant. She received minimal
prenatal care and was taken to the county hospital to deliver her baby. Once she
delivered her baby, she returned to prison, and a family member took custody of
Melissa’s newborn and her older child. Based on the research, Melissa would be most
satisfied with placing her children with:
a. the children’s father.
b. her sister.
c. her mother.
d. her friend.
The intent to ensure fair sentencing by ending the reduction of terms in prison by grants
of parole, ensuring that persons committing similar crimes serve similar terms, and
ensuring that sentences reflect the severity of the criminal conduct is called:
a. concurrent sentences.
b. determinate sentencing.
c. sentencing guidelines.
d. sentencing fairness.
Jail officers are adequately trained to deal appropriately with mentally ill prisoners.
a. True
b. False
What takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this
program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution?
a. absolute diversion
b. real diversion
c. statutory diversion
d. true diversion
Inmates aged 24 or younger have the highest rate of mental health problems, and those
inmates aged 55 or older have the lowest rate.
a. True
b. False
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for probation
officers and correctional treatment specialists is about $48,000 per year.
a. True
b. False
John Irwin refers to disorderly and disorganized jail inmates as:
a. rabble.
b. incivilities.
c. perceived risks.
d. hoopies.
Before 1960, independent women’s prisons were relatively:
a. common.
b. rare.
c. expensive.
d. none of these choices.
Which of the following is the reason a majority of death penalty convictions have been
overturned?
a. incompetent defense counsel
b. suppression of exculpatory evidence
c. false confessions
d. all of these
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists must meet many court-imposed
deadlines, which contributes to heavy workloads and extensive paperwork.
a. True
b. False
A wheel-shaped prison design is a _______ one.
a. circular
b. telephone pole
c. radial
d. campus style
Which aspect of sentencing views those who violate the law as ‘society’s victims”?
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. rehabilitation
d. restoration
Employment of parole officers is expected to grow through 2014.
a. True
b. False
Concerns with health care in prisons include:
a. delays in treatment.
b. lack of qualified personnel and resources.
c. cost.
d. all of these choices.
A “lock psychosis” is an attitude of many:
a. inmates.
b. wardens.
c. corrections officers.
d. private citizens.
The gold standard for inmate vocational programs is:
a. UNICOR.
b. BOP.
c. TASC.
d. GEO.
Male inmates far outnumber females, though the disparity is narrowing somewhat.
a. True
b. False
Determinate sentencing is a new form of sentencing structure in juvenile justice, and in
some jurisdictions, it is replacing thetraditional form of indeterminate sentencing.
a. True
b. False
Which case decided that a juvenile who commits a nonhomicide crime cannot be
sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole?
a. Graham v. Florida
b. Furman v. Georgia
c. Gregg v. Georgia
d. Roper v. Simmons
In the middle of the 19th century, probation began with the volunteer services of John
Augustus in Massachusetts.
a. True
b. False
In 1970, about one in 12 cases made it to trial; today, fewer than one in 40 felony cases
are tried in court.
a. True
b. False
Who among the correctional administration holds the responsibility of developing new
training programs and making changes in job assignments when necessary?
a. warden
b. case manager
c. correctional line manager
d. human resources
The incarceration of so many women with a history of drug abuse and prostitution puts
them at a high risk for:
a. HIV and AIDS.
b. re-offending.
c. life-sentences.
d. none of these choices.
Which psychological problem are more women prisoners diagnosed with?
a. psychotic illness
b. depression
c. personality disorder
d. Most women in prison do not have psychological problems.
The TASC program was designed to divert drug dealers away from the criminal justice
system.
a. True
b. False
When a jury trial is waived, the decision of guilt or innocence falls upon the:
a. judge.
b. prosecutor.
c. defense attorney.
d. all of the participants decide the final verdict.
Which of the following is a term used to describe prison-distilled wine made from fruit
and other ingredients?
a. pruno
b. rabbit tailing
c. fish
d. dipped sugar
The _______________ has specific skills and education and can work with line staff to
determine proper treatment placements in the community.
Describe different treatment methods used in prisons.
When women associate with other prisoners and have few problems with correctional
officers, they are using the _______________ style of coping with prison life.
Financial ____________________ is the payment of a sum of money by an offender
either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of crime.
____________________was the U.S. Supreme Court decision that declared the death
penalty constitutional if certain conditions are met.
The ____________________ aspect of sentencing suggests that people who violate the
law are ‘society’s victims.”
Discuss the various types of structured sentences.
A Latin expression meaning “you have the body” is known as ____________________.
Actuarial devices predicting the risk of recidivism based on information about the
offender and crime are known as ____________________.
____________________is a current movement that believes that the purpose of
corrections is to punish offenders as severely as possible.
The ____________________ investigates an offender’s background to determine if the
offender can be safely allowed back into the community before his or her trial date.
In a study comparing private prisons with BOP prisons, the private prisons had
____________________ rates of most kinds of inmate misconduct.
A ___________________________is when the juvenile court makes the decision to
transfer a juvenile to the adult court.
____________________ was designed to require sex offenders to register with local
law enforcement agencies.
In ____________________, the Supreme Court prohibited the state from executing
persons with mental illness.
Youth who are incorrigible, truants, and runaways are called ____________________.
Explain the history of the juvenile justice system.