During the early and middle Holocene, many groups adopt an intensive hunting,
fishing, and gathering lifestyle.
The Old World constitutes the main center for the development of domestication.
The bow and arrow seems to have first appeared during the Magdalenian.
Macrofossils offer direct evidence for important archaeological research reconstructing
hunter-gatherer lifeways.
New alleles are the results of mutations.
All primate communication is autonomic in nature.
An increase of average July temperature by perhaps 20 degrees Fahrenheit has meant
much that we have yet to learn about Upper Paleolithic and Archaic/Mesolithic coastal
adaptations lies buried under hundreds of feet of seawater off modern coastlines.
Childe’s Oasis model implies that humans were predestined to develop agriculture.
The term race currently has only biological connotations and is without any social
significance.
All of the alternative models to the Bering Land Bridge model require the use of
watercraft.
A clear evolutionary picture is possible for organizing all the early hominins.
In major cities throughout Europe and the U.S., illegal bushmeat is readily available.
There are less than 650 Mountain Gorillas left in existence.
The Bering Land Bridge represents the technologically simplest point of entry to the
New World.
During the Paleozoic era, reptiles were the dominant land vertebrates.
In a state level society, conflict resolution and adjudication is often resolved through
kinship structures.
The Holocene epoch beings around 11,000 years ago.
Developmental acclimatization occurs in high-altitude natives during growth and
development.
Francis Galton, Darwin’s cousin, originated the eugenics approach to “race
improvement.”
Infectious diseases have exerted enormous selective pressures on our species.
Absolute or chronometric dating always relies on the principle of radioactive decay.
Humans are the only living representatives of the habitually bipedal primates (hominin
tribe.)
Animals are less mobile than plants.
There were few New World herd animals that were capable of being domesticated.
The fact that Strepsirhinis evolved before the anthropoids indicates that anthropoids are
more evolved.
The variation that exists among individuals within a species is termed interspecific
variation.
An analysis of the WT 15000 specimen suggests it would only have been about 4 feet
tall at maturity.
Except for some early Homo individuals, there is very little in the way of an
evolutionary trend in increased body size or of marked greater encephalization.
The morphology of the child’s skeleton from Abrigo do Lagar Velho in Portugal has
been cited as support for the regional continuity model for understanding modern
human origins.
We credit Erasmus Darwin with significantly influencing Charles Darwin’s evolutionary
thinking.
Paleoanthropology involves input from geology, ecology, and ethology.
Charles Darwin recognized the importance of beak variation in finches while visiting
the Galpagos Islands.
Given the newest dates for the Ngandong Homo erectus material on Java, it is possible
that Homo erectus could have existed contemporaneously with Homo sapiens.
To achieve any meaningful understanding of human origins we necessarily examine
only the cultural information about the past.
Vertebrates include all of the following except
a. birds
b. insects
c. amphibians
d. mammals
e. fishes
Alfred Russel Wallace is best known for
a. the principle of uniformitarianism
b. being the co-discoverer of natural selection
c. finding numerous important fossils during the 19th century
d. finding numerous important fossils during the 18th century
e. identifying changes in the coloration of a species moth
Which factors do not influence mate choice?
a. geographical
b. ecological
c. social
d. biological
e. isolation from other vicinities
The Upper Paleolithic culture period is divided into categories based on stone tool
technologies. These include all of the following except
a. Solutrean
b. Magdalenian
c. Aurignacian
d. Chatelperroonian
e. Grottevian
The application of evolutionary principles to the study of human variation
a. reinforced traditional views of races as fixed biological entities that do not change
b. allowed scientists to ignore the adaptive significance of most traits
c. helped replace earlier views based solely on observed phenotypes
d. allowed scientists to divide the human species precisely into well-defined races
e. has been of little value for understanding human variation
The initial appearance of political complexity in South America is likely associated
with:
a. coastal groups dependent on the rich maritime resources
b. Amazonian farmers largely reliant on maize and taro
c. inland groups associated with evidence of agricultural intensification
d. highland groups practicing intensive potato-based agriculture
e. coastal groups planting maize and squash in garden plots
Ethnographies
a. are studies of only Western European societies
b. are studies of nonhuman primates
c. emphasize, among other topics, religion, ritual, myth, diet, gender roles, and
child-rearing practices
d. are studies done by archaeologists
e. are the practical application of anthropological theories
Assigning fossil remains to a particular primate species
a. is an uncomplicated process
b. requires splitting samples into as many species as possible
c. requires making comparisons to well-known living species of primates
d. can be accomplished only if the species is sexually dimorphic
e. requires not making comparisons to well-known living species of primates
The Homo erectus remains from Africa are dated to _____ years ago.
a. 2.5 to 3.5 million
b. 500,000 to 200,000
c. 800,000
d. 5.5 million
e. 1.7-1 million
Evidence from Zhoukoudian suggests that Homo erectus
a. lived there continuously for over 250,00 years
b. were settled agriculturalists
c. was a scavenger
d. built wooden structures
e. kept domesticated animals
Early modern Homo sapiens remains rom the Near East include
a. Kow Swamp
b. Skhūl
c. Herto
d. Omo Kibish
e. Zhoukoudian
Hominins had a good environmental record up to the end of the Ice Age because
a. there wasn”t very many of them.
b. they were natural conservationists.
c. they lived in harmony with nature.
d. they were not living at their potential as a species.
e. biocultural evolution did not enable flexibility in different habitats.
Which of the following concepts did NOT influence Darwin in developing his theory of
evolution?
a. Population size increases more rapidly than food supplies.
b. There is competition among individuals for resources.
c. Species are unchanging types, and individual variation within a species is not
important.
d. There is biological variation in all members of a species.
e. Favorable variations are passed on and accumulate in populations over time.
Which of the following does not apply to theories
a. Tested explanations of facts
b. Usually concerned with broader and more universal views
c. Not absolutes and open for falsification
d. Specific statements of scientific relationships that have not been verified
e. The result of repeated testing
Which of the following methods are not used to identify hominin fossil sites?
a. aerial photography
b. satellite photography
c. geological surveys
d. water reside analysis
e. vertebrate paleontology
R-selected species include which of the following?
a. mice
b. chimpanzees
c. gorillas
d. wolves
e. dogs
You are a paleoanthropologist planning an excavation at a new hominin site in East
Africa that is dated to about 2 mya. What fossil hominin species might you expect to
find? What anatomical traits might you use to assign them to specific existing taxa?
Answer:Will vary
What produces new alleles at a locus?
a. natural selection
b. recombination
c. mutation
d. migration
e. genetic drift
Which is not true about the Teshik-Tash remains?
a. They show evidence of hybridization.
b. The remains are a child not considered at first to be clearly a Neandertal.
c. They include tools of the Mousterian industry.
d. They have recently been evaluated using DNA analysis.
e. They demonstrate dispersion to central Asia.
Potato washing behavior has been observed in which of the following?
a. Japanese macaques
b. Albanian macaques
c. Japanese gorillas
d. Chimpanzees
e. vervets
When a disease is continuously present in a population it is said to be
a. pandemic
b. chronic
c. epidemic
d. lethal
e. endemic
Researchers have recently sequenced the genetic identities of nine ancient fully modern
H. sapiens from sites in Italy, France, the Czech Republic, and Russia. What did this
research focus on?
a. the Y chromosome
b. mtDNA
c. the ABO blood groups
d. the Y chromosome and the ABO blood groups
e. only cranial remains
The order Primates includes all of the following except
a. monkeys
b. prosimians
c. humans
d. tarsiers
e. marsupials
Dating too about 850,000 years ago, human fossils from Gran Dolina are placed within
Homo
a. erectus
b. habilis
c. neanderthalensis
d. antecessor
e. heidelbergensis
Fossil evidence for early hominin foot structure
a. has come from South and East African sites
b. has come from North African sites
c. is totally lacking
d. indicates they were quadrupedal
e. is highly disputed and therefore insignificant in discussions of human evolution
Which of the following are not apes?
a. gorillas
b. orangutans
c. bonobos
d. chimpanzees
e. macaques
Polygenic traits
a. are discrete
b. have a continuous range of expression
c. are controlled by only one genetic locus
d. include the ABO blood type system and cystic fibrosis
e. are also called Mendelian traits
_________________was the opponent of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and the proposer of
the view that the earth’s geological landscape is the result of violent cataclysmic events.
a. Charles Lyell
b. Alfred Russel Wallace
c. Thomas Malthus
d. Erasmus Darwin
e. Georges Cuvier
Some Neandertal physical characteristics may have arisen as adaptations to a ______
environment.
a. humid
b. hot
c. cold
d. tropical
e. high altitude
Bonobos are
a. the most thoroughly studied primate species
b. in the same genus as the gorilla
c. behaviorally indistinguishable from chimpanzees
d. in the same genus as the chimpanzee
e. almost exclusively arboreal
Orangutans belong to which genus?
a. Pan
b. Pongo
c. Gorilla
d. Papio
e. Hylobates
Currently, there are approximately _______ species of non-human primates.
a. 230
b. 23
c. 30
d. 2300
e. 2
The style of writing of ancient Mesopotamia, which employed a wedge shaped stylus
pressed into damp clay, is known as:
a. hieroglyphs
b. pictographs
c. cuneiform
d. scapulamancy
e. faience
Which absolute dating technique is most often used on hominin sites?
a. radiocarbon
b. thermoluminescence
c. fluorine analysis
d. potassium argon
e. dendrochronology
Which contemporary of Charles Darwin also developed a theory of evolution by means
of natural selection?
a. Charles Lyell
b. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
c. Erasmus Darwin
d. Alfred Russel Wallace
e. Georges Cuvier
Why do most paleoanthropologists agree that several fossil forms, dating back to
100,000 ya, should be included in as fully modern humans?
Answer:Will vary
What is the value of artifacts in archaeological research?
Answer:Will vary
Increased meat consumption is suggested to have led to increased brain and body size
in H. erectus and ultimately, geographic expansion. What implication, if any, does this
suggest in modern humans?
Answer:Will vary
Why are the Upper Paleolithic cave paintings significant to the understanding of the
Upper Paleolithic?
Answer:Will vary
List the threats to the Great Barrier Reef.
Answer:Will vary
Describe the attributes and important uses of the biface as part of the Acheulian tool kit.
Answer:Will vary
What features define the Ubaid period in Mesopotamia?
Answer:Will vary
What altruistic behaviors have been observed in nonhuman primates?
Answer:Will vary
What types of information can the different archaeological traces of plants tell
researchers?
Answer:Will vary
What does it mean to say that evolutionary processes can be both microevolution and
macroevolution?
Answer:Will vary
Describe the lives of hunter-gatherers over the past couple of million years in terms of
biocultural evolution.
Answer:Will vary
What are three major subfields of anthropology? Describe each in terms of their subject
matter.
Answer:Will vary
List five major characteristics of Middle Pleistocene culture.
Answer:Will vary
How did the adoption of a settled lifestyle affect patterns of infectious disease in human
populations?
Answer:Will vary
Discuss developmental acclimatization to high altitude.
Answer:Will vary