Which of the following statements is supported by research on gender differences in
intellectual performance?
A)In early childhood, boys are slightly ahead of girls in verbal ability, a trend which
continues into adolescence.
B)Throughout childhood and adolescence, girls do better than boys at abstract
mathematical problem solving.
C)By adolescence, girls are far ahead of boys in verbal ability, even when tests are not
heavily weighted with writing.
D)Girls score slightly higher than boys on tests of verbal ability in middle childhood and
adolescence.
Research on sleep demonstrates that
A)most American parents cosleep with their children into the preschool years.
B)sleepwalking in early childhood often signals a severe neurological problem.
C)parent-child cosleeping is associated with sleep disorders during the preschool years.
D)sleep terrors can be triggered by stress or extreme fatigue.
Arthur Jensen’s “How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?” claims that
__________ is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and SES variations in
intelligence.
A)heredity
B)educational opportunity
C)child rearing
D)culture
As children enter school and receive more feedback about how well they perform
compared with their peers, self-esteem usually
A)adjusts to an extremely high level.
B)stays the same as it was during the preschool years.
C)adjusts to a more realistic level.
D)adjusts to an extremely low level.
Which of the following is a limitation of Chomsky’s nativist perspective?
A)Chomsky’s theory is inconsistent with research on efforts to teach nonhuman primates
language systems.
B)Chomsky’s theory cannot explain why children refine and generalize many grammatical
forms gradually.
C)Chomsky’s theory overemphasizes the role of social experience in language
development.
D)Chomsky’s theory fails to show that humans have evolved specialized regions in the
brain that support language skills.
Asian parents and teachers are more likely than their American counterparts to
A)hold a fixed view of ability.
B)attend more to success than to failure.
C)ignore a child’s inadequate performance.
D)hold an incremental view of ability.
Which of the following statements about joining community athletic teams is true?
A)For most children, it is associated with increased competition and decreased social
skills.
B)For most children, it is associated with increased self-esteem and social skills.
C)Among shy children, sports participation often contributes to an increase in social
anxiety.
D)Community sports usually allow children to naturally experiment with rules and
strategies.
In low-SES families with many daily stresses, attachment generally
A)changes from insecure pattern to another.
B)remains stable.
C)moves toward security.
D)fluctuates between security and insecurity.
During the fetal period,
A)teratogens rarely have any impact.
B)teratogens are most likely to cause serious defects.
C)the ears can be strongly affected by teratogens.
D)teratogenic damage usually causes miscarriage.
Nick is passive and socially awkward. He worries a lot, holds negative expectations about
his peer interactions, and is disliked by many of his classmates. Nick is a __________
child.
A)neglected-withdrawn
B)neglected-aggressive
C)rejected-withdrawn
D)rejected-aggressive
In an experiment examining whether a specific type of intervention improves the
psychological adjustment of shy children, the independent variable would be the
A)type of intervention.
B)number of children in the subject pool who are shy.
C)number of shy children who benefit from the intervention.
D)measure of psychological adjustment.
During the third trimester,
A)the fetus spends the majority of the day awake.
B)painkillers should be used in any surgical procedures performed on a fetus.
C)fetuses can hear bodily noises but not noises that occur outside of the womb.
D)higher fetal activity is linked with abnormal neurological development.
Many studies confirm that children with persistent learning difficulties in reading and
math are often
A)from advantaged backgrounds.
B)deficient in working memory.
C)families who don’t value education.
D)skilled at inhibition.
The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age __________, with
solid foods added at __________.
A)3 months; 4 months
B)6 months; 6 months
C)1 year; 4 months
D)2 years; 6 months
According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of the first year is
A)autonomy versus shame and doubt.
B)basic trust versus mistrust.
C)initiative versus guilt.
D)industry versus inferiority.
During transition, the
A)baby is forced down and out of the birth canal.
B)placenta is delivered.
C)cervix opens completely.
D)cervix begins to dilate and efface.
Sara’s doctor is looking inside her uterus using fetoscopy. Her 22-week-old fetus may react
by
A)grabbing at the light.
B)blinking its eyes.
C)shielding its eyes.
D)kicking at the light.
In Freud’s genital stage,
A)social forces determine the young person’s reaction to puberty.
B)sexual impulses reawaken, triggering psychological conflict and volatile behavior.
C)sexual impulses remain dormant for a short period of time.
D)sexual impulses lead to the resolution of the Oedipal conflict.
Parents of impulsive children can foster conscience development by
A)using requests, suggestions, and explanations.
B)combining firm correction of misbehavior with induction.
C)using gentle discipline that incorporates frequent rule reminders.
D)asserting their power whenever the opportunity presents itself.