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Ecological factors influencing primate social behavior include which of the following?
a. the distribution of food and water, predators, and nutritional value of foods
b. levels of testosterone among predators
c. Ancestry of primates
d. Gene codes for behaviors
e. learning
The Folsom and Plano cultures are primarily associated with use in hunting what type
of animal?
a. deer
b. bison
c. mammoths
d. camelids
e. sloths
Species producing relatively large numbers of offspring and invest little parental care
are
a. K-selected
b. r-selected
c. p-selected
d. alloparental
e. sympatric
What does the term biocultural evolution refer to?
a. biological changes in a species over time
b. changes in human culture from generation to generation
c. the interaction between biology and culture in human evolution
d. biological evolution in all species except humans
e. the influence of genetic engineering on culture
The reason we can say humans have caused changes in the climate is a result of
a. scientific data manipulation and false reporting.
b. claims coming from television commentators and politicians.
c. measurements of coal and petroleum resources.
d. measurements of carbon dioxide emissions.
e. swimming among the coral reefs.
"Fitness," in an evolutionary sense, refers to an individual's
a. strength
b. reproductive success
c. aggressiveness
d. size
e. age at death
What are the most non-derived or primitive primates?
a. Old World monkeys
b. New World monkeys
c. tarsiers
d. lemurs and lorises
e. great apes
Infanticide by adult males
a. is rare in primates
b. appears to serve no function
c. is performed as a means of population control
d. is not resisted by females, including the mother
e. has been reported for a number of primate species
Which of the following describes the primary difference between the diet of people in
Northern and Western Europe and those in the Near East?
a. Diet in the Near East included more wild plant foods.
b. The European diet included more plant foods.
c. Diet in the Near East included more animal foods.
d. Coastal resources were much more important in the Near East.
e. Coastal resources were not exploited by European groups.
The term "hominin" refers to:
a. all great apes
b. modern humans and now extinct bipedal relatives
c. all bipedal apes
d. only modern humans
e. only extinct bipedal relatives
Peru's coastal regions were whole-heartedly committed to subsistence agriculture after
about 3,800 ya.
The first Homo habilis fossils were found during the 1960's in
a. Olduvai Gorge
a. Tugen Hills
b. Toros Menalla
c. Sterkfontein
d. South Africa
The bottle gourd appears to have a much different origin than other New World
domesticates. Which of the following explains its origins?
a. It floated across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa, where it occurs in the wild.
b. AMS radiocarbon dates of samples and analyses of DNA markers indicate the gourd
was carried from Asia by PaleoIndian colonists.
c. It was packed on the back of dogs which accompanied the first humans into the New
World.
d. It spread with guinea pigs and Muscovy ducks from western South America.
e. No scientific explanations have been reached as to the origins.
Hominin sites in the European regions of Spain and Italy evidence fossil material that is
contemporaneous with Homo erectus. They include all of the following except
a. Sima del Elefante
b. Ceprano
c. Hexian County
d. Gran Dolina
e. Atapuerca caves
Vervet monkey vocalizations
a. are involuntary responses to external stimuli
b. are voluntary responses to external stimuli
c. refer solely to the emotional state of the individual
d. includes information about past and present events
e. are impossible to record and study
Preserved seeds, tubers, and leaves are examples of
a. cultigens
b. macrofossils
c. microfossils
d. domesticates
e. agriculture
The term hominin refers to a distinction made at what taxonomic level?
a. Tribe
b. Genus
c. Species
d. Subfamily
e. Genera
Where have Miocene hominoid fossils been found?
a. North America
b. Australia
c. Mexico
d. South America
e. Africa, Europe, and Asia
Agriculture in Asia likely occurred
a. earliest in south Asia
b. in east Asia, then diffused to other locations
c. independently in east and south Asia
d. as a result of diffusion from the Near East
e. only in south Asia
In Europe during the Middle Ages, it was believed that
a. all species had evolved from a common ancestor
b. evolution was the result of natural selection acting upon genetic variation
c. all forms were created by God and did not change over time
d. most species had become extinct over time
e. life was created slowly, over millions of years
The Holocene epoch is NOT defined as:
a. the most recent geological epoch
b. the geological period beginning around 11,000 ya.
c. a period of increased global temperatures
d. the geological period associated with the development of broadly based hunting and
gathering
e. the period prior to the one in which we now live
The skeletal remains of Homo floresiensis are notable for each of the following
characteristics or assumptions except
a. the short stature.
b. the small cranial capacity
c. they were living 13,000 years ago.
d. their predecessors were perhaps H. erectus populations
e. they came to Flores on rafts, the remains of which were recovered from the island of
Flores
Genetic evidence indicates that all native Australians are descendants of a single
migration 50 kya.
During the ___________mammals replaced reptiles as the dominant form of land
vertebrate.
a. Cenozoic
b. Paleozoic
c. Mesozoic
d. Precambrian
e. Permian
The traditional view of nonhuman communication has been that nonhumans, including
primates,
a. are perfectly capable of conveying information about the external environment or
their emotional state
b. use symbolic communication
c. use language in the same manner as humans
d. can convey information about events in the past and future
e. communicate information relating to their emotional state ONLY
Linguistic symbols are said to be ________ because they do not resemble the object or
concept they represent.
a. autonomic
b. deliberate
c. arbitrary
d. closed
e. innate
Paleoindians almost exclusively hunted megafauna.
_______ make the best samples for the K/Ar dating method.
a. Bones
b. Stone tools
c. Ostrich shells
d. Teeth
e. Volcanic rocks
Morphological variation between individuals within a species
a. may be the product of male/female morphological differences
b. is called interspecific variation
c. is of no concern to anthropologists
d. is unimportant when interpreting the fossil record
e. produces large numbers of identical individuals
The earliest true city yet discovered is found in Mesopotamia.
The key artifacts in the Oldowan tool tradition are:
a. chopper tools
b. manuports
c. flake tools
d. handaxes
e. hammerstones
What is the law of superposition, and how is it related to the dating methods discussed
in the text?
Answer:Will vary
What is the importance of experimental archaeology? Provide an example.
Answer:Will vary
What are some of the hypotheses purporting to explain the evolution of bipedalism?
Answer:Will vary
Why are physical/biological anthropologists interested in human biological variation?
Answer:Will vary
What are dominance hierarchies, and what important functions do they serve?
Answer:Will vary
Although natural selection acts on the individual, it is argued that populations evolve.
Explain.
Answer:Will vary
Why is ethnoarchaeology important to the study of past human behavior? Provide an
example.
Answer:Will vary
What is a hominin?
Answer:Will vary
Allele frequencies are indicators of the genetic makeup of a population. Use the
example of ABO blood types to show how allele frequencies change.
Answer:Will vary
List and discuss four factors that affect the social structure of a given species.
Answer:Will vary
Discuss the effects of the earliest farmers and cities that arose with the so-called
Neolithic revolution.
Answer:Will vary
What are the characteristics of human culture?
Answer:Will vary
Where is the Olduvai Gorge and why is it an important location for understanding
human evolution? What interpretations, and by whom, have been offered to explain the
nature of hominin behavior at this site?
Answer:Will vary
If people traveled along the pacific coast beginning about 17,000-15,000 ya, when New
World inhabitants were suspected as having come from Asia, climatic conditions would
have been different than those in the interior. How?
Answer:Will vary
Characterize Mousterian technology, subsistence, settlements, and symbolic behavior.
Answer:Will vary
