During Zola’s third month of pregnancy, she should
A)be able to feel the baby move.
B)avoid regular exercise.
C)be able to hear the baby’s heartbeat through a stethoscope.
D)be able to tell when the baby is alert.
On Halloween, four teenagers separately set out to smash pumpkins. Which one is most
likely to get arrested?
A)Pete, a low-SES Caucasian-American male
B)Dani, a high-SES Caucasian-American female
C)Jace, an African-American male
D)Keisha, an Asian-American female
From 4 to 6 months into the second year, angry expressions __________ in __________.
A)decrease; both frequency and intensity
B)increase; intensity but decrease in frequency
C)increase; both frequency and intensity
D)increase; frequency but decrease in intensity
Suzannah, an American teenager, is babysitting an infant for the first time. What advice is
Suzannah most likely to get from the baby’s parents regarding the most effective way to
soothe the baby if she cries?
A)Expose the baby to continuous, monotonous, rhythmic sounds.
B)Lift the baby to the shoulder and rock or walk with her.
C)Dress the baby in several layers of clothing and blankets.
D)Let the baby cry because she needs to learn to self-soothe.
Overlapping-waves theory emphasizes that
A)children should be discouraged from experimenting with less mature strategies.
B)children will gradually select their strategies on the basis of two criteria: accuracy and
ease.
C)trying many strategies is vital for developing new, more effective solution techniques.
D)in early childhood, children’s brains are poorly organized for problem-solving tasks.
Between the ages of 2 and 3 years, most children learn how to
A)push a riding toy with their feet.
B)use a knife to cut soft foods.
C)tie their shoes.
D)pedal and steer a tricycle.
A baby will display the Moro reflex when his caregiver
A)shines a bright light at his eyes.
B)produces a sudden loud sound against the surface supporting him.
C)places him face down in a pool of water.
D)strokes his cheek near the corner of his mouth.
Victor and Elsa have been warm and supportive of their daughter’s Freya’s autonomy,
always encouraging her to make personally valued choices when faced with weighty
decisions. When she confronts life’s challenges, Freya will most likely
A)be unable to make commitments.
B)not have the necessary skills.
C)respond with resilience.
D)experience anxiety and depression.
Gifted children fare well in programs that
A)keep them academically with their agemates, so they are not pushed too hard.
B)provide special activities that promote problem solving, critical thinking, and
creativity.
C)keep them with their agemates, but not in programs that advance them to higher
grades.
D)advance them to higher grades, but not in programs that pull them out of their regular
classrooms for special instruction.
Unlike Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, the information-processing approach
A)uses clinical interviews to determine a child’s stage of development.
B)does not divide development into stages.
C)characterizes each developmental stage by qualitatively distinct ways of thinking.
D)views development as a discontinuous process.
Which of the following girls is most at risk for an eating problem?
A)Angela, who reached puberty late
B)Caity, who reached puberty early
C)Bea, who grew up in a home with no weight concerns
D)Desiree, whose friends are overweight
Ariana showed signs of growth faltering. An observant nurse intervened early, helping
Ariana’s parents with their own life challenges, encouraging sensitive caregiving, and
coaching the family through Ariana’s feeding problems. Ariana will probably
A)remain small.
B)show lasting cognitive difficulties.
C)show quick catch-up growth.
D)show lasting emotional difficulties.
For single mothers rearing children and adolescents, extended-family living is associated
with
A)more positive mother-child interaction.
B)increased antisocial behavior in adolescents.
C)decreased self-reliance in adolescents.
D)lower rates of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood.
Between birth and 2 years,
A)fussiness increases.
B)crying increases.
C)the organization of sleep and wakefulness changes substantially.
D)total sleep time increases slowly.
Identity can be described as an explicit theory of oneself as a(n)
A)complex unit with varying personalities and desires.
B)rational agent who acts on the basis of reason and takes responsibility for those actions.
C)interdependent being whose decisions are made within a wider social context.
D)entity who must explain its randomly occurring behavior.
Which of the following statements is supported by research on emotional self-regulation?
A)Compared with North Americans, Japanese and Chinese adults discourage the
expression of strong emotion in babies.
B)Beginning in infancy, girls have a harder time regulating negative emotion than boys.
C)By the second year, toddlers are quite skilled at using language to comfort themselves.
D)Parents imitate their babies’ displays of negative emotion more often than displays of
positive emotion.
The germinal period lasts
A)for about 13 weeks, or a trimester.
B)from fertilization to implantation.
C)for about 6 weeks.
D)from conception to fertilization.
A beginning awareness of the symbolic function of pictures emerges
A)at birth.
B)between 4 and 6 months.
C)in the first year.
D)in the third year.