Chimpanzees in the wild have been observed to
a. use two rocks as a hammer and anvil to crack open nuts.
b. teach their offspring how to flake stone tools.
c. use stick tools to scoop termites from nests.
d. both a and c.
Another name for the evolutionary force called gene flow is
a. founder effect.
b. disruptive selection.
c. admixture.
d. transposition.
What decreases the number of genetic differences between populations?
a. genetic drift
b. mutation
c. DNA
d. gene flow
What trait makes humans unique?
a. They are the only primates known to use material culture to access food resources.
b. They are the only primates known to depend on material culture for survival.
c. They are the only primates known to use nonverbal communications.
d. They are the only primates known to live in social groups.
In the scientific method, theories can be considered
a. “hunches” or best guesses.
b. untested ideas or explanations.
c. observations.
d. explanations grounded in evidence.
Recent paleoenvironmental reconstructions suggest that the earliest members of the
hominid lineage evolved in
a. dense tropical forests.
b. wide-open savanna grasslands.
c. glacial tundra environments.
d. woodlands along both rivers and lakes.
Modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations including
a. opposable thumbs.
b. precision grip.
c. short digits.
d. expanded reliance on sense of smell.
The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neandertals could produce a language like that
of modern humans comes from which bone(s) collected at Kebara, Israel?
a. the cervical (neck) vertebrae
b. the mandible
c. the ribs
d. the hyoid
Primate societies are considered to show diversity in all of the following features except
a. their reliance on a mother-infant bond for social learning.
b. their ability to express themselves through a range of behaviors.
c. the complexity of organization observed in rank, age, sex, etc.
d. their reliance upon various long-term social relationships.
Gene flow differs from genetic drift because
a. it is the random change in the frequency of alleles.
b. it is the random change in a gene or chromosome.
c. it is the guiding force of evolution.
d. it is the spread of new genetic material from one gene pool to another.
Osteoarthritis is a skeletal disorder most easily seen on
a. joint surfaces.
b. bone shafts.
c. the skull.
d. the ribs.
The first animal to be domesticated during the Neolithic was the
a. dog.
b. cat.
c. cow.
d. goat.
Chimpanzees taught by humans to make simple stone tools
a. were unable to teach other chimpanzees to do so.
b. passed this new behavior to relatives.
c. were never able to learn to use a sharp edge to cut.
d. none of the above.
Physical anthropology
a. consists of primatology and linguistics.
b. is the study of human antiquities.
c. relies on the scientific method.
d. all of the above.
In the early twentieth century, Marcellin Boule’s reconstruction of the La
Chapelle-aux-Saints Neandertal skeleton led many scientists to believe
a. that these hominids were almost indistinguishable from modern people.
b. that these hominids were evolutionary dead ends.
c. that these hominids had similar brain sizes to modern people.
d. that these hominids were our ancestors.
Which of the following is true?
a. Organisms classified in two different biological orders can still belong to the same
genus.
b. Organisms classified as two different species can still belong to the same genus.
c. Organisms classified in two different families can still belong to the same genus.
d. Organisms classified in two different kingdoms can still belong to the same genus.
Postcontact Indian children on the Georgia coast
a. ate less corn than Indian children there before AD 1000.
b. ate more corn than Indian children there before AD 1000.
c. experienced dental disease more than Indian children there before AD 1000.
d. both b and c.
Homo erectus‘s cranial capacity
a. is always less than 1,000 cc.
b. is always more than 800 cc.
c. ranges from 650 cc to 1,200 cc.
d. ranges from 900 cc to 1,200 cc.
In response to changes in food supply, some primate groups
a. send the older males outside of the group.
b. adjust the size of the group.
c. change their migration patterns.
d. send the younger males outside of the group.
A fossil primate with legs and arms of about equal length would most likely have gotten
around using which form of locomotion?
a. leaping
b. quadrupedalism
c. swinging under branches
d. bipedalism
DNA replication produces
a. four identical daughter cells.
b. two identical daughter cells.
c. two single strands of DNA.
d. none of the above.
The controlled use of fire by hominids
a. decreased the amount of food energy available in the hominid diet.
b. has been shown to contribute little to the digestive process of hominids.
c. limited the expansion of hominids into certain environments, such as dry grasslands.
d. contributed to geographical expansion and food production techniques in positive
ways.
According to the out-of-Africa model, the transition from archaic to modern Homo
sapiens
a. occurred in several areas simultaneously.
b. occurred only once, in Africa.
c. began in Asia.
d. took place about 500,000 years ago.
Which of the following statements is true of hominid evolution?
a. Large brains preceded the appearance of bipedalism.
b. Bipedal locomotion preceded the appearance of large brains.
c. Tool use preceded the appearance of bipedal locomotion.
d. Fire use preceded the appearance of large brains.
The biocultural approach in anthropology is
a. a method utilized to study nonhuman primates.
b. the study of the relationship between human biology and culture.
c. the study of human genetics.
d. the study of human languages.
The initial lack of opposability of the hallux in humans is most likely the result of
a. the need to use the hallux in terrestrial movement.
b. the transition to bipedalism.
c. the use of shoes.
d. both a and b.
Meiosis results in the production of
a. two gametes.
b. four gametes.
c. a single gamete.
d. none of the above.
A family friend tells you that she just completed a summer internship where she helped
law enforcement identify human remains using dental records, X-rays, and other indices
of gender, height, and ethnicity. She is most likely studying
a. biocultural anthropology.
b. primatology.
c. forensic anthropology.
d. paleontology.
Which of the following is an inherited disorder of the regulatory genes that control
connective tissue leading to long, thin extremities?
a. Kleinfelter’s syndrome
b. Marfan syndrome
c. Edward’s syndrome
d. Down syndrome
Relative to earlier hominids, Homo erectus is marked by
a. a large increase in body size.
b. decreased cranial capacity.
c. both a and b.
d. none of the above.