__________ are the leading cause of childhood mortality in industrialized nations.
A) Carcinogens
B) Unintentional injuries
C) Birth defects
D) Infectious diseases
Within every cell (except red blood cells) is a control center, or
A) phenotype.
B) nucleus.
C) genotype.
D) zygote.
Which of the following women is the most likely to report fewer menopausal
complaints?
A) Laura, an American woman
B) Gerta, a European woman
C) Precious, an African woman
D) Noriko, an Asian woman
Western adolescents are granted partial adult status upon the happening of many
different events, including
A) voting.
B) entering high school.
C) beginning to date.
D) menarche or spermarche.
One goal of mental testing is to
A) explain how children’s thinking changes over time.
B) measure the process of cognition.
C) show how the environment influences cognitive change.
D) arrive at scores that predict future performance.
Women’s skin ages more quickly than men’s because
A) women are less likely to protect their skin from sun exposure.
B) of hormonal changes caused by menopause.
C) women spend less time outdoors.
D) the dermis of women is not as thick as that of men.
A second birth typically requires that fathers
A) revert to a more traditional gender role around the home.
B) spend more time outside the home as a wage earner.
C) take an even more active role in parenting.
D) tend to the older child less often.
Among the strongest risk factors for late-life depression is
A) physical distance from family.
B) physical illness resulting in disability.
C) financial difficulty.
D) boredom.
Which of the following statements about learning research strategies is true?
A) It is unimportant to individuals who work directly with children and should be left to
research specialists.
B) It is important in separating dependable information from misleading results.
C) It is unimportant because schools and community agencies rarely collaborate with
researchers in an effort to enhance development.
D) It is unimportant because theories and hypotheses alone result in sound evidence on
human development.
Teenagers with __________ are more involved in exploring relationship issues, such as
what they value in close friends and in a life partner.
A) large families
B) permissive parents
C) warm, trusting peer ties
D) diffused identities
Newborn reflexes make __________ possible in the young infant.
A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) a novelty preference
D) habituation
Which of the following statements about the relationships among SES, education, and
health is true?
A) Economically advantaged individuals sustain better health over most of their adult
lives.
B) There is no relationship between educational attainment and health.
C) The health of lower-income individuals steadily improves throughout the lifespan.
D) The health of individuals with limited education steadily improves throughout the
lifespan.
Low-SES young people in Western nations who experience a limited or nonexistent
emerging adulthood
A) tend to postpone marriage and parenthood.
B) typically delay financial independence.
C) establish a fulfilling career much earlier than their higher-SES peers.
D) often encounter a “floundering period” during which they alternate between
unemployment and dead-end, low-paying jobs.
According to the concept of epigenesis,
A) heredity determines individual responsiveness to varying environments.
B) gene”environment correlation is entirely driven by genetics.
C) development results from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and the
environment.
D) heredity restricts the development of some behaviors.
A certified nurse”midwife
A) cannot legally deliver a baby at home in most states.
B) has a degree in nursing and additional training in childbirth management.
C) can perform a cesarean delivery and can administer medication to control pain.
D) is not a medical professional, but is trained in labor and delivery support.
Both men and women describe closer bonds with __________ than with __________.
A) same-sex siblings; other-sex siblings
B) sisters; brothers
C) other-sex siblings; same-sex siblings
D) brothers; sisters
At first, baby Mario was easily awakened every night by a barking dog in his
neighborhood. Several weeks later, Mario’s sleep is not bothered by the dog’s barks.
This is an example of
A) classical conditioning.
B) extinction.
C) habituation.
D) recovery.
Michael and Franklin moved into a homelike housing arrangement for seniors who
require more care than can be provided at home. They have moved into
A) a nursing home.
B) assisted living.
C) an institution.
D) hospice care.
Following a social clock of some kind seems to foster
A) feelings of distress.
B) occupational flexibility.
C) confidence and social stability.
D) generativity.
Which of the following is an example of an age-graded influence?
A) Paul learned to play the violin at age 11.
B) Frank got his driver’s license at age 16.
C) Martina got married at age 34.
D) Jesse learned to use a computer at age 21.
In many Native American groups,
A) death is met with stoic self-control.
B) dying people believe that it is possible to reach a state beyond the world of suffering.
C) an illness is viewed as a crisis that unites family members.
D) a karakia ceremony is conducted to ask the creator for peace.
An improved ability to reason about social relationships leads teenagers to
A) rely more on parental support.
B) deidealize their parents.
C) solve problems less efficiently.
D) gender intensification.
According to __________ theory, infants actively search for invariant features of the
environment in a constantly changing perceptual world.
A) amodal perception
B) differentiation
C) cognitive perceptual
D) dynamic systems
Which of the following statements may explain why SES disparities in health and
mortality are larger in the United States than in other industrialized nations?
A) Socioeconomic groups are less likely to be segregated by neighborhood in the
United States than in other countries.
B) Even high-SES Americans are less likely to seek medical treatment than adults in
other countries.
C) Low-income and poverty-stricken U.S. families are financially less well-off than
families classified in these ways in other countries.
D) The wealthiest Americans have much higher incomes than in other industrialized
nations, widening the SES gap.
In the final month of pregnancy,
A) fetal growth doubles.
B) a layer of fat is added to assist with temperature regulation.
C) most fetuses assume an upright position.
D) neurons are produced at a rapid rate.
Before Mr. Monk died, he was able to restore his relationship with his brother. Mr.
Monk’s death made sense in terms of his pattern of living and values. He experienced
a(n) __________ death.
A) passive
B) active
C) ideal
D) appropriate
Neurons
A) are gaps between body cells.
B) are tightly packed together
C) are responsible for myelination.
D) store and transmit information.
Mothers are more likely than fathers
A) to feel ambivalent toward adult offspring with problematic lives.
B) to have adult children who feel ambivalent toward them.
C) express annoyance when adult children help unnecessarily.
D) receive and provide financial and practical assistance from adult children.
Which of the following statements about extended families in the United States is true?
A) More white than black adults have relatives other than their own children living in
the same household.
B) More black than white adults have relatives other than their own children living in
the same household.
C) More black than white adults think of themselves as separate entities from their
extended families.
D) More white than black adults establish family-like relationships with friends and
neighbors.
According to parental imperative theory, after children reach adulthood,
A) parents both become more masculine, gaining most in dominance and assertiveness.
B) parents both become more feminine, gaining most in nurturance and empathy.
C) parents are free to express the “other-gender” side of their personalities.
D) men become goal-oriented, while women become more nurturing.
The more adults highlight __________, the more likely white children will express
in-group favoritism and out-group prejudice.
A) intergroup contact
B) ethnic diversity
C) the damage caused by prejudice
D) group distinctions
In societies where old age leads to reduced status, age-segregated living
A) tends to lead to depression and despair.
B) is an extreme restriction of autonomy and social integration.
C) is gratifying to most seniors who choose it.
D) has a negative effect on physical health.
Good quality child care
A) cannot compensate for the negative effects of a stressed, poverty-stricken home life.
B) can reduce the negative impact of a stressed, poverty-stricken home life.
C) is more readily available in the United States than in most European countries.
D) is primarily available to low-SES families with young children.
Responses to moral dilemmas in collectivist cultures
A) place greater weight on individual rights than in North America.
B) are often less other-directed than in Western cultures.
C) are often more other-directed than in Western cultures.
D) place greater weight on justice-based reasoning than on caring.
Which of the following statements about identity development is true?
A) Adolescents of both sexes typically make progress on identity concerns before
experiencing genuine intimacy in relationships.
B) The majority of young people change from moratorium to foreclosure or diffusion in
young adulthood.
C) College students tend to make less identity progress than high school students.
D) Young people who go to work immediately after high school graduation usually
settle on a self-definition later than those who go to college.
How much sleep do older adults require? Discuss some common sleep disturbances of
aging.
Describe the long-term consequences of divorce on children. What factors help children
make a more positive adjustment?
Describe the development of self-esteem in middle childhood. How is it structured, and
how does it change?
Describe adolescent drug experimentation. What types of school and community
programs are the most effective?
Although broad consensus exists that cultural change has prolonged the transition to
adult roles for many young people, disagreement exists over whether emerging
adulthood is truly a new developmental period. Discuss the major criticisms for the
concept of emerging adulthood.
Describe three important changes in make-believe play that reflect a preschool child’s
growing symbolic mastery.
Discuss the changes that adolescence brings to parenthood.
Discuss the prevalence of alcoholism in the United States. What are the risk factors for
alcoholism?
What can parents and teachers do to help adolescents adjust to middle- and high school
transitions?
Although there are many major theories of human development, your textbook
organizes them by looking at the stand they take on what three basic issues? Briefly
describe the opposing views taken on each basic issue.
Explain how harmful genes are created. Define and describe germline and somatic
mutation.
List and describe four societal factors that have encouraged widespread rapid weight
gain the in the United States.
Dominic is left-handed. He would like to know if his infant son is likely to be
left-handed or right-handed. What can you tell him about the roles of nature and nurture
in handedness?
Define problem-centered coping and emotion-centered coping. How do school-age
children use these strategies?
Describe Sternberg’s triarchic theory of successful intelligence. Define each of the
identified, interacting intelligences.
Discuss some nondrug protective factors that help reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s
disease.
In cross-cultural research on self-concept and personality on adults ranging in age from
the late teens into the seventies, what three qualities increased from early to middle
adulthood? What do these findings indicate?
How can we best communicate with a dying person?