Discuss the various types of terrorism and the passage of the USAPA.
____ theory focuses on the economic and political forces operating in a society and
views these forces as the fundamental causes of criminality.
a.Conflict
b.Social control
c.Developmental
d.Social structure
Which is a common reason for a defendant to waive the preliminary hearing?
a. Defendant has already decided to plead guilty.
b. Defendant wants to speed up the criminal justice process.
c. Defendant hopes to avoid the negative publicity that might result from the hearing.
d. All of these are common reasons to waive the preliminary hearing.
The Monitoring the Future study found teen alcohol use and cigarette use at their lowest
points since ____.
a.1975
b.1990
c.2000
d.2010
To obtain a search warrant, the presiding magistrate only has to have a general idea of
the reason the police want to search the property.
a. True
b. False
Customs and Border Protection is primarily responsible for US borders and points of
entry but also encompasses what other area instrumental in that protection?
a. Animal and Plant Health Inspection
b. Protection of National Leaders when they leave US borders
c. Investigating illegal drug use
d. Untaxed liquor and cigarettes
Young people face a much higher rate of victimization than older individuals.
a.True
b.False
Most industrialized countries in the world have abolished the death penalty.
a. True
b. False
An estimated ____ percent of cocaine enters the United States through Mexico.
a. 60
b. 70
c. 80
d. 90
Cyber ____ is the use of computer networks for undermining the social, economic, and
political systems of an enemy through the destruction of infrastructure.
a. theft
b. vandalism
c. terrorism
d. movement
Shari is 16 years old. She used to get good grades but recently she is moody and
unfocused in school and often has trouble completing tasks. She has never been in
trouble with the law but she has grown up in a socioeconomically challenged situation
with very little family support. No one showed up for her last parent”teacher conference
and her teachers are concerned about her current situation at home.
Even though Shari was drinking underage, she has not violated any other criminal
codes. Therefore, her case aligns well with what concept in the juvenile system?
a. Institutional programs
b. Juvenile sentencing reform
c. Reform schools
d. Foster care
Which theory of collective inmate violence attributes the problem to abrupt crackdowns
or changes in inmate freedoms that are implemented by prison administrators?
a. The administrative control theory
b. The responsibility theory
c. The inmate balance theory
d. The hands-off doctrine
Approximately _____ of the states have three-strikes laws but nearly ____ of them
require the third felony be a serious one.
a. one-fourth; half
b. half; all
c. three-fourth; none
d. 90 percent; all
The prosecution can request a directed verdict.
a. True
b. False
Russian crime groups make extensive use of the state governmental apparatus to protect
and promote their illegal activities.
a. True
b. False
While there are many goals of patrol, most police experts agree that the majority of
police patrol efforts are devoted to:
a. fighting crime.
b. maintaining order.
c. responding to emergencies.
d. deterring crime.
This justice perspective advocates standardization of rules and regulations within the
criminal justice system.
a. Nonintervention
b. Due process
c. Equal justice
d. Rehabilitation
Evaluations of foot patrol indicate that it lowers crime rates.
a. True
b. False
In a maximum-security prison, most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
a. True
b. False
Plea bargaining is rare.
a. True
b. False
Subcultural values are handed down from one generation to the next through the culture
of poverty.
a.True
b.False
The leading national organization, the American Bar Association (ABA), is opposed to
___________________ in plea negotiations.
In Roper v. Simmons (2005) the court:
a. set a limit of 18 years as the age of defendants who could be sentenced to death.
b. ruled that execution of the mentally retarded is prohibited by the Eighth Amendment.
c. ruled that only those who commit felony murder may be executed.
d. ruled that rapists may not be punished with death.
Which of the following is a commonly cited source of ineffective investigation?
a. Length of investigation
b. Poor sources of information
c. Poor follow-up on initial calls for service
d. All of the above
The beginning of the Enlightenment Era marked the end of transporting criminals to the
United States.
a. True
b. False
The Supreme Court has ruled that under certain circumstances, a valid search may be
conducted without a search warrant.
a. True
b. False
Jill has two children and stays at home with them. She got into trouble when she hurt
her back and got addicted to the pain pills her doctor prescribed. When she couldn”t get
any more pills, she went searching the streets for something else to take the pain away.
She would leave her kids with her mom and disappear for days while getting addicted
to heroin. Jill just got through the classification process at the women’s correctional
facility and has found out that she is pregnant with twins.
Jill has adapted to prison quite well. She is seen as gentle on the cell block and
sometimes worries about the babies she is carrying. She is protected and cared for and
usually stays out of trouble and altercations with the other inmates. What is the likely
reason Jill has adapted to prison so well?
a. She is on a special cell block for pregnant women.
b. She found that she can get high inside prison.
c. She and her cellmate have become lovers.
d. She has joined a make-believe family.
The defense of mistake ultimately rests on proving a(n):
a. presumption of guilt.
b. lack of intent.
c. existence of extenuating circumstances.
d. post facto affirmative presumption of innocence due to entrapment.
Which of the following is an advantage of diversion programs?
a. It allows the offender to postpone prison/jail time until diversion completion.
b. Rehabilitation services can be accessed while in the community.
c. The cost is higher but so is the success rate.
d. Diversion allows the inmate out of their cell for longer lengths of time.
Jurisdictions that encourage patrol officers to aggressively arrest and detain suspicious
persons experience lower crime rates than other jurisdictions that do not practice
_______ policing?
a. reactive
b. neighborhood snitching
c. preventive
d. proactive
The legal basis for the federal court system is found in the:
a. Judicial Act of 1789.
b. Sixth Amendment.
c. Article 3, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution.
d. Original Articles of Confederation.
In the wake of the Knapp Commission, the _____ system was put in place to hold
supervisors at each level directly accountable for the illegal behaviors of the officers
under their command.
Murder, forcible rape, robbery, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson, and
____________________ make up the FBI’s Part I crimes.
What are some obstacles faced by the paroled inmate in the community and how do
these obstacles influence the likelihood of recidivism?
____________________ kiddie porn was outlawed as part of the PROTECT Act of
2003.
A well-know program, __________________, is a problem-oriented policing
intervention aimed at reducing youth homicide and youth firearms violence in Boston.
Before trial, prosecutors in the juvenile courts may attempt to negotiate a settlement to
the case. This is called ________________in the juvenile system.
___________ is a type of intermediate sanction that involves small probation caseloads
and strict monitoring on a daily/weekly basis.
The ____________________ rule is the oldest deadly use-of-force standard, dating
back to English Common Law times.
____________________ is credited with the passage of the Metropolitan Police Act
that established the first organized police force in London.
The ____________________ mandated that no defendant shall be kept in pretrial
detention simply because they cannot afford money bail.
Advocates of the ________________ perspective lobby for the abolition of legal
restrictions on a police officer’s ability to search for evidence and interrogate suspects.
They do not want offender’s to go free on a technicality.
The philosophy called the _________________ has been in effect since 2000 and still
operates today.
In Blakely v. Washington, the court found that Washington State’s sentencing guidelines
were a violation of a defendant’s ____ Amendment rights because they allowed a judge
to consider aggravating factors that would enhance the sentence.
Yakuza is a well-known _____ gang.
The ____________________ Amendment prohibits excessive bail.
The _________ unit is the branch of the police that conducts investigations of charges
of police misconduct or corruption.
____________________ means removing noncriminal youths convicted on status
offenses from institutions housing delinquents.