1) the ______ principle states that growth starts at the head and moves downward.
a. cephalocaudal
b. proximal-distal
c. puberty
d. menarche
2) which of the following statements about poverty and childhood is false?
a. the majority of children living in poverty are non-hispanic whites.
b. rates of poverty are highest among african-american and hispanic children.
c. poverty rates for children u.s. have been in the range of 10 to 15 percent in the past
few decades.
d. the united states has the highest child poverty rate of any industrialized country.
3) according to vygotsky, the first stage of language use is ______ speech, in which
language is used primarily for communicative functions.
a. inner
b. private
c. egocentric
d. social
4) ______ is an example of an ideographic system of language.
a. english
b. chinese
c. both english and chinese
d. neither english nor chinese
5) the ______ is to emotional response as the ______ is to balance and coordination.
a. cerebellum/hippocampus
b. amygdala/cerebellum
c. hippocampus/corpus callosum
d. frontal lobe/parietal lobe
6) which of the following helps children recognize, distinguish, and produce the letters
of the alphabet?
a. focusing on the distinctive features of each letter
b. the development of mental and perceptual processes involved in spatial orientation
c. both of these
d. neither of these
7) since jennifer speaks english, french, and spanish she would be called:
a. bilingual.
b. multilingual.
c. communicatively competent.
d. an emerging literate.
8) in the community of learners approach, collaboration refers to:
a. the design of the classroom to stimulate active exchange of ideas.
b. a practice of focusing on a central theme that can sustain in-depth research over a
period of time.
c. the fact that both teachers and students share in the development and sustenance of
the learning community.
d. the value placed on analysis and critique.
9) parenting practices in which cultural group emphasize patience, perseverance,
restraint, and humility?
a. asian american
b. native american
c. hispanic american
d. african american
10) according to eriksons theory, early adulthood is to ______ as late adulthood is to
______.
a. integrity; intimacy
b. intimacy; generativity
c. generativity; intimacy
d. intimacy; integrity
11) according to marcia, which young person is most likely to have low self-esteem, be
apathetic, and have greater risk for developing psychological problems?
a. amos, who has not done much identity exploration but who has made a commitment
to a career and life philosophy.
b. blanche, who has not done much identity exploration and has also not made any
commitments.
c. carlyle, who is actively exploring occupational and relationship options but has not
made any commitments.
d. deidre, who has actively explored various options and has made some commitments.
12) which of the following statements regarding fragile-x syndrome is false?
a. fragile-x syndrome is one of the leading causes of mental retardation and
developmental disabilities.
b. females are more likely than males to be affected by fragile-x syndrome.
c. males with this disorder tend to have more serious symptoms than females with this
disorder.
d. fragile-x syndrome is associated with physical abnormalities, hyperactivity, and
problems with communication.
13) in kohlbergs theory of moral development, ______ suggests that good behavior is
following rules and that it is important to do ones duty and respect authority.
a. stage 1, obedience-punishment orientation
b. stage 2, instrumental and relativist orientation
c. stage 3, good girl, nice boy orientation
d. stage 4, law and order orientation
14) the ______ of a research study concerns how well the findings apply to another
sample or to the population as a whole.
a. validity
b. interrater reliability
c. test-retest reliability
d. generalizability
15) dawn and matt are parents of an early-maturing daughter, susan. based on research
discussed in the text, what advice would you give them?
a. encourage susan to become involved with older peers, as they are at her same level of
maturity.
b. feel confident that susan is likely to have high self-esteem, as she has a body that fits
the societal idea of feminine beauty, compared to her late-maturing peers.
c. both of these
d. neither of these