The preferred term for individuals of an alternate gender in Native American cultures is:
a. hijras.
b. macho.
c. Two-Spirits.
d. transgendered.
e. hermaphrodite.
Commonplace norms, values, beliefs, practices, and institutions that cultivate the desire
to acquire consumer goods to enhance one’s lifestyle constitute a culture of:
a. cosmopolitanism.
b. materialism.
c. hegemony.
d. power.
e. consumerism.
Which of the following is defined as a set of beliefs based on a unique vision of how
the world ought to be, often revealed through insights into a supernatural power, and
lived out in a community?
a. ideology
b. economy
c. religion
d. politics
e. communitas
Ida Susser’s approach to research on HIV prevention in South Africa exemplifies:
a. historical particularism.
b. structural functionalism.
c. cultural citizenship.
d. engaged anthropology.
e. Marxist anthropology.
Through the Black Light Project:
a. young men in New York City wrote poetry about what they had learned from their
fathers.
b. young women performed street theater to engage in dialogue with members of the
public in Detroit.
c. residents of a nursing home began entertaining at children’s hospitals in Chicago.
d. teenagers created a workshop for migrant children in Los Angeles to narrate their
journey to the United States.
e. teachers in a Scottish preschool taught children a dance that had not been performed
for decades.
Following independence, many former colonies experienced:
a. decreases in poverty.
b. rapid economic growth.
c. marked improvement in the standard of living.
d. a need to take on international debt.
e. greater income equality.
Which of the following is a pattern of relationship in which group members equally
share resources and responsibilities over time based on mutual exchange?
a. ranking
b. recidivism
c. reciprocity
d. redistribution
e. reallocation
Structural adjustment programs are associated with:
a. an increase in the government spending on education and health care.
b. an increase in the state’s role in local and international economics.
c. privatization of state-owned enterprises.
d. strict regulation of local labor markets.
e. reduction in Third World debt.
The field of anthropology that explores genetics and evolution and looks at our closest
relatives in the animal kingdom to gain a greater understanding of what it means to be
human is known as:
a. evolutionary biology.
b. paleoanthropology.
c. physical anthropology.
d. primatology.
e. sociobiology.
In reality, the colonial boundaries that were intended to distinguish communities of
colonizers from their colonial subjects:
a. were much more clear, simple, and solid than anticipated.
b. were much more complicated, fragile, and fluid than anticipated.
c. were largely uncomplicated by the colonizers’ class position.
d. generally ignored.
e. became unenforceable only after restrictions on the immigration of European women
were lifted.
Margaret Mead (1901″1979) was a student of Franz Boas, and her research suggested
the powerful role of ________ in shaping behavior, especially behavior that has
powerful biological origins.
a. biology
b. enculturation
c. unilineal cultural evolution
d. structural functionalism
e. immigration
Some linguistic anthropologists find the work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics
controversial because:
a. they only work in Africa.
b. their Christian perspective may ignore some aspects of local culture, such as song
and art.
c. they are using information technology.
d. they promote the use of prestige language.
e. they refuse to publish which languages they are trying to preserve.
Individuals learn basic patterns of human behavior from their families in a process
termed:
a. enculturation
b. adaptation
c. adoption
d. indoctrination
e. proselytization
The study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and the application of
that knowledge to help people understand each other define what aspect of
anthropology?
a. ethnology
b. fieldwork
c. holism
d. inclusivity
e. bridge building
The role of the shaman is generally associated with which type of the following
societies?
a. industrialized
b. seminomadic
c. technological
d. Western
e. Eastern
The text notes that the stories of the Mayflower, the first Thanksgiving, the Boston Tea
Party, the American Revolution, and the settling of the West are retold to emphasize a
shared destiny as well as the values of freedom, exploration, and individualism. These
illustrate the concept of a(n):
a. folk tale.
b. history.
c. “just so” story.
d. legend.
e. origin myth.
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Wealth in the United States is even more unevenly distributed than income, and the
gap continues to widen.
b. Income in the United States is even more unevenly distributed than wealth, and the
gap continues to widen.
c. Income is as unevenly distributed as wealth, and the gap is more or less stable.
d. Income is more unevenly distributed than wealth, but the income gap is closing while
the wealth gap stays the same.
e. Wealth is more unevenly distributed than income, but both the income gap and the
wealth gap are narrowing.
Machismo is defined as:
a. homosexuality in Latin American countries.
b. a ritual of initiation among Nigerian men.
c. a ritual of initiation among men in Papua New Guinea.
d. a strong, sometimes exaggerated performance of masculinity.
e. a dance performance among women in Mexican brothels.
For a chief in a ranked society, his or her rank and status are reinforced through
reciprocity and:
a. restoration.
b. generosity.
c. accumulation.
d. reproduction.
e. prosperity.
Anthropologist Margaret Mead (1901″1979) is best known for her research regarding
the seeming sexual freedom and experimentation of young women in:
a. Tonga.
b. Fiji.
c. Cambodia.
d. Papua New Guinea.
e. Samoa.
When one group of people claims a territory and tries to push out or kill another group
of people who live there, this is known as:
a. domination.
b. ethnic cleansing.
c. ethnocide.
d. fascism.
e. removal.
The process by which an individual, whose marriage has ended due to divorce or death,
remarries another individual is commonly called:
a. serial polyandry
b. lineal polygamy
c. serial monogamy
d. lineal monotony
e. serial bigamy
Dialect is defined as:
a. a nonstandard variation of a language that is particular to a specific region.
b. the study of the development of language over time, including its changes and
variations.
c. alternating back and forth between more than one linguistic variant depending on the
context.
d. the idea that variation in languages appears gradually over distance between places.
e. the study of the intersection between language and systems of power such as race,
class, and age.
Which of the following statements about immigrants to the United States is false?
a. Very few migrants send remittances to their home countries.
b. Similar to other parts of the world, most migrants have working-class backgrounds.
c. Migration is most often undertaken by those with financial resources and education.
d. Most migrants are undocumented, uneducated, and poor.
e. Because migration barriers are so formidable, the brightest and best are often
successful.
Which of the following is defined as fundamental ideas about what is important, what
makes a good life, and what is true, right, and beautiful?
a. beliefs
b. norms
c. symbols
d. values
e. meanings
Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary sexual characteristic?
a. genitalia
b. breast size
c. hair distribution
d. strength
e. pitch of voice
Sidney Mintz:
a. conducted a restudy of the Trobriand Islands.
b. researched social life among the Nuer of Africa.
c. studied the effects of colonialism in Puerto Rico.
d. examined sexuality in Samoa.
e. became an expert on Native Americans.
Immanuel Kant and Georg Hegel argued that humans’ determination of beauty is
determined by:
a. culture.
b. nature.
c. minimalism.
d. priests.
e. their age and sex.
________ is the linguistic ability to refer to events or objects not present or to events
that are happening in the future or past.
a. Displacement
b. Productivity
c. Phonology
d. Kinesics
e. Syntax
Which term refers to laws implemented after the US Civil War to legally enforce
segregation, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery?
a. caste
b. discrimination
c. Jim Crow
d. “darky”
e. antimiscegenation
Mapping the global scope of diverse human sexual beliefs and behaviors is called the:
a. ethnomusicology of human sexuality.
b. comparative sexuality project.
c. ethnocartography of human sexuality.
d. globalization of human sexuality.
e. global human sexuality experiment.
A belief that whites are biologically different from and intellectually superior to people
of other races is referred to as:
a. fascism.
b. miscegenation.
c. Nazi ideology.
d. racism.
e. white supremacy.
The system of human communication based on a set of symbols and signs with learned
and shared meanings is called:
a. grammar.
b. linguistic determinism.
c. productivity.
d. language.
e. speech community.
The dramatic transformations of economics, politics, and culture are characteristic of
what dynamic of contemporary globalism?
a. uneven development
b. flexible accumulation
c. rapid change
d. time-space compression
e. dynamic expansion
Which of the following is one of the four elements that an anthropologist considers in
attempting to understand the complex workings of a culture?
a. genetics
b. politics
c. economics
d. discourses
e. symbols