Although warfare in between Mesopotamian city-states was common, the level of
violence was limited.
Shell middens are sites built up of discarded shells.
Excavations have shown that the Aztec empire contained skilled iron smelters.
Feasting and exchanging goods played a central role in Inca society.
Folsom points have a flute or channel down the middle to allow blood from the
wounded animal to drain efficiently.
Excavations have produced conclusive evidence for intentional burial of Neanderthal
dead.
The law of superposition states that each layer is younger than the layer beneath it.
Experimental archaeology uses scientific techniques, such as DNA analysis, to interpret
the past.
Archaeological and historical research has demonstrated that, contrary to popular belief,
the Aztec never actually practiced human sacrifice.
Peer polity interactions may explain the interaction between the Minoans and the
Mycenaeans.
Stable isotope studies of skeletons from Europe suggest that Neanderthals were actually
mostly vegetarian.
Thomas Jefferson s excavations of a mound on his property proved it was not made by ʹ
Indians.
Albert Spaulding argued that archaeologists should impose categories on material
culture in order to study it.
In New Guinea, domestication focused on herd animals.
The Wallace Line separates the prehistoric landmasses known as Sunda and Sahul.
The Chtelperronian is a transitional tool industry between the Middle and Upper
Paleolithic.
The term “modern humans” refers to several subspecies of Homo sapiens, including
Neanderthals.
The site of Zhoukoudian, near Beijing, has produced a number of fossils of Homo
antecessor.
The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition is marked by a gradual elaboration of
material culture associated with Neanderthals.
The earliest known painted cave is Lascaux in northern France.
The Neolithic Revolution refers to the subsistence strategy known as broad spectrum
foraging.
Lewis Binford pronounced that archaeology should be science or it should be nothing at
all.
The painted wall of Tomb 100 at Hierakonpolis contradicts the information on the
Narmer Palette.
Artifacts were left in place during excavations at Boxgrove to preserve context.
The half-life of the carbon-12 atom is 5,730 years.
Feminist archaeologists see males as responsible for most of the trouble in prehistory.
Like the Tigris and Euphrates River valleys, the Nile River valley is rich in mineral
resources.
Hermeneutics views our knowledge of past societies as static and unchanging.
Aztln is the mythical homeland of the Mexica, who formed the Aztec Empire.
The Cotton Preceramic ceremonial center was at Machu Picchu.
The Chacoan Network links Chaco canyon with sites in the surrounding region through
a system of roads.
Danish antiquarian, Jean Baptiste Lamarck, developed the Three Age System in 1816.
The history of the Inca is a long one of orderly succession of the ruling elite, which
peacefully expanded the empire through trade and alliances.
The struggle between evolution and religion predates the publication of Charles
Darwin’s On The Origin of Species.
Which of the following statements best describes postprocessual archaeology?
a. It argues that archaeologists should emulate historians.
b. It is rooted in an etic approach to archaeology.
c. It avoids hypotheses in favor of more subjective analyses.
d. Postprocessual archaeologists study only on historical populations.
The __________ is marked by a dramatic change in material culture, including cave
and mobiliary art.
a. Upper Paleolithic
b. Middle Paleolithic
c. Middle Stone Age
d. Lower Paleolithic
________ pioneered the methods of stratigraphic excavation and seriation to create a
chronology in his work in Egypt.
a. Abbe Henri Breuil
b. Sir Flinders Petrie
c. V. Gordon Childe
d. Heinrich Schliemann
Toward the end of the 19th century, the __________ approach was characterized by the
emergence of modern methods of excavation and analysis and formal schemes of
classification.
a. processual
b. post-processual
c. culture history
d. evolutionary
Binford thought that for archaeology to be considered a science it must work by
________ from general laws and models.
a. drawing
b. induction
c. extrapolation
d. deduction
__________ was a Japanese preagricultural society that lived in large villages and
produced elaborate pottery.
a. Jomon
b. Longshan
c. Yangshou
d. Pentoushan
The use of staffs today continues an Andean tradition that __________.
a. was borrowed from Amazonian peoples
b. is a marker of political office
c. is a relatively new phenomena
d. was introduced by the Spanish.
What are the most significant plants domesticated in East Asia?
a. rice and millet
b. beans and rice
c. quinoa and wheat
d. sweet potatoes and quinoa
The goal of postprocessual archaeology is to __________.
a. formulate general laws governing human behavior
b. offer interpretations based on contextual data
c. write culture history
d. test hypotheses
The earliest agreed upon evidence of human occupation in North America is called the
__________.
a. Olsen-Chubbock site
b. Clovis culture
c. Folsom culture
d. Atlantean culture
The ancient city of Angkor was located in what is now the nation of __________.
a. Thailand
b. India
c. Cambodia
d. Malaysia
What distinguishes archaeologists from treasure hunters?
a. the ability to sell artifacts to the highest bidder
b. the focus on recovering expensive items from shipwrecks
c. the lack of emphasis on documenting the site
d. a respect for the careful recording of the context of discoveries
__________ accounts for the remarkable wealth of marine resources along the Andean
coast.
a. El Nio
b. The Humboldt Current
c. The Gulf Stream
d. The Pacific Current
Where is the earliest evidence for human occupation of Australia found?
a. Nauwalabila I
b. Wallacea
c. Lake Mungo
d. Tasmania Cave
What ceremonial outpost of the Inca Empire is located 600 kilometers north of the
capital, Cuzco?
a. Tiwanaku
b. La Tisa
c. Hua”nuco Pampa
d. Aguas Caliente
The most recent known Homo erectus fossil is from what site?
a. Nauwalabila Island, Australia
b. Ngandong, Java
c. Lake Mungo, Australia
d. Sahul Land
What is a list of artifact types for a particular archaeological context called?
a. typology
b. chronology
c. taphonomy
d. attribute
Clovis culture is the earliest evidence of human occupation in Australia.
The __________ links the expansion of farmers into Europe with the spread of the
Indo-European language family.
a. language dispersal hypothesis
b. agri-linguistic model
c. Neolithic Revolution
d. hyper-diffusionist hypothesis
Ester Boserup suggested that __________ might be the cause of the shift to agriculture.
a. a shift from trust to domination
b. the rise of social inequality
c. a desire for a surplus
d. increased population size
Why did the publication of On the Origin of Species upset the church?
a. It removed divinity from creation.
b. It proved the earth was created 4004 BC.
c. It showed the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
d. It helped Heinrich Schliemann explain Troy.
What was the largest prehistoric city in the Americas and capital of the Aztec Empire?
a. Tenochtitln
b. Teotihuacn
c. Aztln
d. Cuzco
Minoan naval forces may have been destroyed by __________.
a. a tsunami
b. the Mycenaeans
c. disease
d. pirates
The sequence of depositional units at a site is referred to as the site s __________.ʹ
a. archaeology
b. geology
c. occupation
d. stratigraphy
Which migration route has been proposed for entry of humans into the Americas?
a. northward along the eastern North American coast
b. through the ice-free corridor
c. across the Pacific Ocean
d. across the southern Atlantic Ocean
The ________ Period is characterized by hunter-gatherers subsisting on a broad range
of plants and animals.
a. Chalcolithic
b. Natufian
c. Early Neolithic
d. Kebaran
Which of the following best describes Mound 72 at Cahokia?
a. It was constructed in the shape of an eagle.
b. It has yet to be excavated.
c. It yielded a burial that was vivid evidence of social inequality.
d. It was the site of a ceremonial temple.
At the Natufian site of __________ in Syria, flotation has recovered many burned seeds
that indicate the inhabitants were collecting a wide variety of plants.
a. Ohala
b. Jericho
c. Netiv Hagdud
d. Abu Hureya
What type of absolute dating makes use of irregularities in the crystalline structure of
materials such as flint, teeth, and sand grains?
a. uranium
b. argon
c. luminescence
d. radiocarbon
This artifact, found in downtown Mexico City, depicted a central event in Aztec
mythology.
a. the Toltec skull mask
b. the altar of sacrifice
c. the Coyolxauhqui sculpture
d. Tlaloc’s column
Excavations at the __________ site revealed evidence of a mass bison kill.
a. Blackwater Draw
b. Olsen-Chubbock
c. Folsom
d. Nenana
This famous Inca royal estate is located at the western end of the Urubamba Valley.
a. Machu Picchu
b. Hua’nuco Pampa
c. Cuzco
d. Moche
Which of these statements best applies Hayden’s model to the function of Poverty
Point?
a. It was a defensive bulwark against invasion from the West.
b. It was the first urban center along the Gulf Coast.
c. It was the administrative center for the Archaic in the Lower Mississippi Valley.
d. It was the focal point of feasting events, servicing the local region.
Great Zimbabwe is __________.
a. evidence of local development of complexity in southeast Africa
b. the site of the palace of the Queen of Sheba
c. a Phoenician trading port
d. the site of King Solomon’s mines
What was the geography of Southeast Asia and Australia like during periods of glacial
advance and low sea level?
The hyoid bone found at Kebara suggests that Neanderthals hunted the herds of hyoids
found in the prehistoric Middle East.
Describe oracle bones and what they mean, both at a site level and in the broader sense.
How has isotope analysis helped archaeologists to understand past diet, especially in
regards to the adoption of maize?
What is a modern human?
What might explain the absence of handaxes in the east Asian Acheulian?
What is the Popol Vuh?
How are geographic information systems (GIS) used in archaeology?
What are the characteristics of an empire?
How has the archaeological interpretation of Great Zimbabwe changed over time?
How do Morton Fried and Elman Service view the development of political
complexity?
What is the significance of the site of Zhoukoudian?
This wild grass found in the Mexican highlands is the ancestor of maize.
a, Curcubita pepo
b. marsh elder
c. teosinte
d. chenopodium
What differences are evident in the subsistence of modern humans and Neanderthals?
How are typologies used in archaeology?