____________, characteristic of the Mesolithic period, are tiny stone tools that were
probably used as barbs on composite implements
a) Eoliths
b) Microliths
c) Cores
d) Phytoliths
e) Otoliths
A standardized system of weights and measures usually indicates the presence of
a) a strong local religion
b) a capitalist society
c) globalization
d) a transition from a band society to a tribal society
e) a centrally administered economic system
Under NAGPRA, if an ancient skeleton can be shown to be ____________ a modern
Native American or Hawaiian group, it must be returned to that group upon request
a) sacred to
b) politically important to
c) culturally affiliated with
d) buried within the ancestral lands of
e) spiritually affiliated with
One conclusion derived from the experimental studies at the Butser Experimental Farm
was that if storage pits have an impermeable seal,
a) unparched grain can be stored for long periods without decaying
b) unparched grain quickly deteriorates without some form of preservative
c) unparched grain will soon be devoured by mice and other small burrowing vermin
d) unparched grain quickly ferments
A technique frequently used by the Etruscans, by which a metalworker soldered small
grains of metal onto a background, typically of the same metal, is known as
a) annealing
b) filigree
c) granulation
d) pyrotechnology
e) coprolization
Centralized societies differ from non-centralized ones in a number of ways. The more
centralized structure often allows or requires greater economic specialization, which
would be visible archaeologically as
a) intensified farming
b) taxation
c) redistribution
d) craft specialization
e) all of the above
Although neutron activation analysis (NAA) is extremely useful for determining a
material’s source, the artifacts and samples that are analyzed remain radioactive for
many years.
The Oaxaca Early Formative project examined evidence for religion and burial.
Evidence from burials suggested that there was
a) a relatively egalitarian system
b) a ranking system with some male burials clearly having higher status than others
c) a ranked system, with commoners, elite, and captives/slaves
d) a stratified, ranked system with a rigid class system
e) not enough data to interpret the social system
Isotopes in the hair of the child mummies found on the peak of Llullaillaco, Peru
suggest that before they died they
a) ate guinea pig
b) consumed marijuana
c) sacrificed a llama
d) chewed coca leaves
e) drank corn beer known as chicha
At Monte Albn, carvings on stone slabs called danzantes are now considered to
represent
a) dancers
b) slain captives
c) Spanish conquistadores
d) warrior kings
e) high priests
Renfrew & Bahn argue that archaeology is
a) a science
b) a humanity
c) history
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
The application of techniques to determine the particular properties of the constituent
materials of traded goods, and thus understand their source of origin, is known as
a) association
b) the conjunctive approach
c) characterization
d) site catchment analysis
e) geochemical analysis
A society with differences in social status (ranking), specialists manufacturing crafts,
surpluses, and perhaps a permanent ritual or ceremonial center would probably be
considered a(n)
a) mobile hunter-gatherer group
b) segmentary society
c) chiefdom
d) band
e) early state
The material immediately surrounding an artifact, usually a sediment such as gravel,
sand, or clay, is known as the
a) dirt
b) find spot
c) site
d) matrix
Change in the archaeological record is sometimes attributed to struggles between social
classes, a result of contradictions that arise between the forces of production and the
relations of production (mainly the social organization). Such an approach to
understanding the past would be considered
a) communist archaeology
b) culture-historical archaeology
c) postprocessual archaeology
d) Marxist archaeology
e) processual archaeology
Pathologist Arthur Aufderheide and his colleagues isolated DNA fragments from the
lungs of a 900-year old Peruvian mummy and found
a) the tuberculosis bacterium, thus proving the microbe was not brought to the
Americas by European colonists
b) anthrax, thus proving the region was once more arid and desertic than present
c) syphilis (Treponema palladium), thus proving the disease was not brought to the
Americas by European colonists
d) all of the above
e) answers b and c only
The Curator of Antiquities of the ______________ went on trial in Italy for purchasing
antiquities that were illegally excavated by looters
a) The British Museum in London
b) The Pergamon Museum in Berlin
c) The J Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles
d) The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York
e) all of these curators were brought to trial in Italy
Isotope analysis of the hair of some Peruvian and Chilean mummies have found
evidence for
a) opium consumption indicating some form of trade with China
b) cocaine consumption from chewing coca leaves
c) marijuana smoking
d) large scale tobacco domestication and consumption
e) caffeine consumption indicating that there was coffee bean trading with Africa
In order to create more elaborate shapes in metal, a technique is used which involves
first modeling the shape in wax and then encasing it in clay. By heating the clay, the
wax melts and flows out; molten metal is then poured into the hollow mold. After
cooling, the clay mold is removed. This technique is known as the
a) lost-wax method
b) cire perdue method
c) annealing method
d) filigree method
e) a and b are correct
Little evidence is available concerning the role or status of Calusa women in the
ethnohistoric records because
a) women were secluded in special areas
b) the Spanish had little or no contact with women
c) women had no real active role in the society
d) women were sent away, or ran away into the swamps for protection
e) none of the above
When plotted on a graph of distance from source (X-axis) against quantity of a traded
item (Y-axis), down-the-line exchange typically reveals a pattern of
a) multi-modal fall-off
b) a nearly flat (horizontal) gradient
c) exponential fall-off
d) any of the above are possible
e) none of the above
By extracting genetic material from one of the original fossils found in the Neander
Valley, Germany, and amplifying segments of mtDNA, researchers suggested that
Neanderthals and contemporary humans diverged about
a) 550,000″690,000 years ago
b) 50,000″69,000 years ago
c) 5.0″6.9 million years ago
d) 5,000″6,900 years ago
e) none of the above
Because the demand for illicit and illegal antiquities encourages the supply.
Archaeological sites are looted because people will buy the artifacts that result. Because
of this it has been said that
a) “Collectors are the real archaeologists”
b) “Collectors are the real looters”
c) “Collectors save the past from destruction”
d) “Archaeologists are the real looters”
e) “Collectors should be praised and helped”
During the “Arab spring” in 2011, thieves broke into the ________ museum and stole a
number of significant artifacts. They also damaged some of the most famous artifacts in
the world
a) Cairo
b) Damascus
c) Tripoli
d) Sanaa
e) Baghdad
The Pazyryk bodies, found in the Altai of ________________, were burials placed
inside log coffins about 400 BC and so well preserved by their constant frozen state that
archaeologists recovered not only linen shirts, aprons, and stockings but could also see
tattoos.
a) southern Siberia
b) southern Sinai
c) southern Sahara
d) southern Botswana
e) South Carolina
Gordon Childe coined a phrase in 1941 to describe the origin and consequences of
farming, which was accompanied by the widespread development of settled village life.
That phrase was the
a) Urban Revolution
b) Neolithic Revolution
c) Secondary Products Revolution
d) Industrial Revolution
e) Worker’s Revolution
Layers of sediments resulting from the melting of ice sheets and deposited in lakes on
an annual basis are known as
a) tree rings
b) pollen
c) ice cores
d) varves
e) contextual seriation
In Clark Larsen’s comparison of skeletons of hunter-gatherer (2200 bc” ad 1150) and
agricultural communities (ad 1150″1550) on the Georgia coast, the differential effects
of maize agriculture on males and females were indicated by
a) decrease in joint disease in men
b) decrease in tooth size in women, with increased tooth decay
c) decrease in overall skeletal size in women
d) all of the above
e) only answers a and b are correct
Excellent preservation of organic materials at wetland sites occurs because of the
anaerobic, or __________ environment, which inhibits the activities of
micro-organisms that need oxygen
a) anoxic
b) apoxic
c) hydroxic
d) noxious
e) none of the above
The technique of potassium-argon (and argon-argon) dating requires what kind of
sample?
a) volcanic rock
b) inorganic material
c) carbonized botanical remains only
d) human remains
e) any rock type
Mapping is the key to accurate recording of most survey data.