Ardi was adapted to life in trees and:
a. on the ground.
b. in the desert.
c. near water.
d. both b. and c.
The most distinctive traits about the cold adaptation complex of Neandertals are:
a. the suprainiac fossa and globular shape of the skull.
b. thick bones and extra muscles.
c. the body and the length of the arms and legs.
d. the retromolar space and heavy wearing on the teeth.
A cline:
a. is continuous variation that follows a continuum.
b. is variation that falls into discrete categories.
c. describes the pattern of occurrence of trisomy 18.
d. was used to describe human variation as early as the Renaissance.
Which of the following is NOT a genetic disorder that decreases susceptibility to
malaria?
a. G6PD deficiency (favism)
b. sickle-cell anemia
c. Huntington’s chorea
d. thalassemia
Multiple biological traits:
a. do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications.
b. are race specific.
c. help with biological profiling.
d. do not exist in humans.
The dental pattern of Old World higher primates is:
a. 2-1-2-3.
b. 2-1-3-3.
c. 2-2-2-3.
d. 2-2-3-3.
A doctor finds that the mammary glands of a woman are not functioning due to a
genetic abnormality that influences the structural design of the thoracic cavity. This is
likely the result of a mutation:
a. on the sex chromosomes.
b. in a Hox gene.
c. in HSV-1.
d. none of the above
The higher the social rank of a female primate the:
a. lower her access to resources and the lower the survival rate of her offspring.
b. lower her access to resources and the greater the survival rate of her offspring.
c. greater her access to resources, which results in lower birth rates.
d. greater her access to resources, which results in higher birth rates.
The domestication of wheat and barley spread to Greece by:
a. 1,000 yBP.
b. 7,000 yBP.
c. 15,000 yBP.
d. 8,000 yBP.
Primates’ enhanced sense of vision stems from:
a. the fact that their eyes are rotated forward.
b. their tendency toward nocturnality.
c. their color vision.
d. both a. and c.
In a classroom taste test for PTC the genotype frequency was determined to be P 0.35
and Q 0.65. After applying the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the percentage of genotypes
was found to be as follows:
a. p20.12; 2pq 0.46; q20.42.
b. p20.35; 2pq 0.00; q20.65.
c. p20.12; 2pq 0.65; q20.23.
d. p20.20; 2pq 0.20; q20.60.
Male primates compete for access to females and to maintain social groupings through
all of the following social strategies EXCEPT:
a. infanticide.
b. vocalizing through loud territorial calls.
c. fighting to maintain dominance of a one-male, multifemale group
d. forming long-term cooperative relationships with multiple females.
Analysis of stable carbon isotopes in _______ can provide information on ancient diet.
a. shell
b. cloth
c. bones and teeth
d. wood
Kin selection refers to:
a. nonaltruistic behavior toward other members of the kin group.
b. altruistic behavior that increases the donor’s inclusive fitness.
c. altruistic behavior that promotes kin-like bonding among nonkin.
d. behavior that increases only the donor’s fitness.
The forces of evolution include:
a. gene flow, mutations, chromosomes, and genes.
b. mutations, genes, and genetic drift.
c. natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutations.
d. natural selection, genes, alleles, and chromosomes.
In Atapeura 5, early archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertal specimens show heavy wear
on the incisors and canines, indicating:
a. the use of the front teeth for gripping materials.
b. the purposeful modification of teeth to demonstrate social rank, as with the Aztecs.
c. their use for shaping the cutting edges of stone blades.
d. the chewing of massive amounts of fibrous materials.
Malaria is caused by:
a. bites from infected mosquitoes.
b. a genetic mutation.
c. drinking bad water.
d. eating spoiled food.
If fossil species A is consistently recovered from geological deposits beneath layers
containing fossil species B, then A is considered older than B. This relative dating
technique is based on the principle of:
a. superposition.
b. paleomagnetism.
c. fluorine analysis.
d. geolayering.
The molecular clock has been useful to determine the phylogenetic relationships of
species based on the assumption that:
a. a species lineage accumulates genetic differences over time at a constant rate.
b. only some species are genetically related.
c. DNA is preserved unchanged over long periods of time.
d. species adapt at specific rates.
Which is the study of evolution and variation in humans?
a. physical anthropology
b. archaeology
c. linguistic anthropology
d. cultural anthropology
Hunter-gatherers’ skeletons tend to show:
a. less osteoarthritis.
b. higher levels of activity.
c. lower workload/activity.
d. bones with lower density.
The Neandertals’ disappearance after 30,000 yBP likely resulted from their:
a. assimilation.
b. isolation.
c. extinction.
d. migration out of Africa.
Coinciding with the appearance of early hominins about 5″10 mya, the climate was:
a. increasingly wet and rainy.
b. increasingly hot and humid.
c. increasingly dry and seasonal.
d. less temperate.
The similarity of the foot bones between _______ and the living anthropoids makes it
the likely first true primate.
a. Proconsul
b. Micropithecus
c. Dryopithecus
d. Eosimias
The human population increase of the Holocene was probably due to:
a. a decrease in disease as a result of sedentism.
b. more effective medical practices.
c. decreased birth spacing.
d. a dramatic increase in nutritional quality as a result of agriculture.
Hypoxia has been shown to be an agent of natural selection in that Tibetan women:
a. at high altitudes had fewer surviving children.
b. with alleles for high oxygen saturation in their hemoglobin had more surviving
children.
c. with alleles for high oxygen saturation in their hemoglobin had fewer surviving
children.
d. have poor nutrition.
Gran Dolina adult hominids were similar to later Homo sapiens in their:
a. ability to produce art.
b. large cranial capacity.
c. wide nasal apertures.
d. none of the above
Chromosome number is reduced during:
a. mitosis.
b. recombination.
c. translation.
d. meiosis.
Ardi’s intermediate form of bipedality included the use of:
a. longer hind limbs for clinging and leaping.
b. palms and feet to move along tree branches.
c. long phalanges to wrap around tree branches.
d. a tail.
Thermoluminescence dating can provide dates when used on which types of materials?
a. sediment, stone, and ceramics
b. bone, wood, and stone
c. bone, shell, and fabric
d. shell, ceramics, and wood
Why is punctuated equilibrium an important addition to natural selection?
Discuss the selective pressures operating in the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene
that favored an adaptive radiation of monkeys and contributed to decreased diversity
among apes.
What is the significance for evolutionary theory of Darwin’s analysis of the Galpagos
finches? Provide at least one example in your answer.
What symbolic behavior is evident in the archeological record and associated with
Neandertals and anatomically modern humans in Europe beginning around 35,000 yBP
(during the Upper Paleolithic)?
Discuss the anatomical changes that occurred in the bipedal hominin and how they
reflect certain habitat adaptations, and then discuss the hypotheses that propose why the
change occurred.
Discuss the evolution of primates beginning with the Paleocene proprimates. In your
answer, consider the effect of climate change on the environment and primates’
environmental adaptations.
Name and briefly describe the three hypotheses of primate origins.
What have scientists learned about the function of primate vocalizations and how they
relate to the evolution of human language?
Describe some examples of learned behavior and cultural traditions among primates.
Discuss the anatomical differences between prosimians and anthropoids. How do these
anatomical differences influence behavior and socialization among the respective
primate groups?
Domestication of plants and animals led to stable food supplies during the Holocene;
however, it also resulted in significant environmental and health problems. Discuss
these problems in terms of natural selection.
Discuss the obesity pandemic. Include current studies that demonstrate likely causes.
Discuss the Ardipithecus ramidus fossil and its implications for understanding human
evolution.
How do dating methods help to support the theory of natural selection and biological
evolution?
Describe the range of primate residence patterns. Relate social grouping to food and
reproduction.
What two models discuss how innovations spread? By what mechanism did wheat
spread from the Levant into Europe?