Three-year-old Cara knows that her mother will pick her up from preschool every day after
snacktime. Cara seeks comfort from her mother whenever she is in an unfamiliar or
stressful situation. These examples show that Cara has developed
A)an internal working model.
B)effortful control.
C)interactional synchrony.
D)a categorical self.
A disadvantage of cross-sectional research is that
A)it is more inefficient and inconvenient than longitudinal research.
B)it does not provide evidence about change at the individual level.
C)it can be threatened by practice effects and participant dropout.
D)age-related changes cannot be examined.
Newborn Uli displays a stronger rooting reflex in response to an adult’s finger touching her
cheek than to her own hand touching her cheek. This finding demonstrates that Uli has the
beginnings of
A)self-awareness.
B)effortful control.
C)an internal working model.
D)emotional self-regulation.
Stimulant medication prescribed to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
seems to __________ activity in the __________, thereby improving the child’s capacity
to sustain attention and to inhibit off-task and self-stimulating behavior.
A)increase; hypothalamus
B)decrease; hypothalamus
C)increase; prefrontal cortex
D)decrease; prefrontal cortex
Which period of vocational development characterizes early and middle adolescence?
A)fantasy
B)tentative
C)realistic
D)exploratory
The infant is born during
A)the first stage of labor.
B)the second stage of labor.
C)transition.
D)the third stage of labor.
Nicki Crick and Kenneth Dodge’s circular model showing the steps of social problem
solving takes a(n) __________ approach.
A)Piagetian
B)information-processing
C)Vygotskian
D)ethological
According to Piaget, __________ first occurs in Substage 4 of the sensorimotor period.
A)intentional, goal-directed behavior
B)chance behavior
C)repetition of interesting events
D)behavior repetition with variation
Brendon reacts negatively to and withdraws from novel stimuli. He could be classified as
a(n) __________ child.
A)sociable
B)shy
C)easy
D)uninhibited
Research on infant attachment of the Dogon people of Mali, Africa, revealed no one
showed __________ attachment to their mothers.
A)resistant
B)avoidant
C)secure
D)disorganized/disoriented
Most conceptions result from intercourse
A)during the first week of the menstrual cycle.
B)during the last week of the menstrual cycle.
C)on the day of ovulation or during the two days following it.
D)on the day of ovulation or during the two days preceding it.
Which of the following changes could you anticipate for the child of Ethiopian immigrants
who relocated to the United States?
A)She will be taller and longer-legged than her agemates in Ethiopia.
B)She will be heavier and have thicker bones than her agemates in Ethiopia.
C)She will be taller than her parents, but will have shorter legs.
D)She will be shorter and start menstruation later than her agemates in Ethiopia.
Over middle childhood, Neveah, an African American, became increasingly conscious of
ethnic stereotypes. By early adolescence, she stopped caring about her grades and said that
school was not important to her. Neveah’s attitude is an example of
A)self-fulfilling prophecy.
B)educational bias.
C)motivational anxiety.
D)disengagement.
For exploring the environment, humans depend on __________ more than any other sense.
A)vision
B)touch
C)hearing
D)instinct
Ivan Pavlov taught dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell by using
A)operant conditioning.
B)classical conditioning.
C)innate reflexes.
D)modeling.
The __________ becomes the new organism.
A)embryonic disk
B)trophoblast
C)amnion
D)chorion
When Sadie says, “I goed to the store,” her mother replies, “Yes, you went to the store.”
Sadie’s mother’s response is an example of
A)fast-mapping.
B)a recast.
C)an overregularization.
D)an expansion.