According to Karl Marx, classes are
A. complementary, in that they each do different tasks necessary for the survival of the
society.
B. part of the original, preindustrial social system of humans.
C. powerful collective forces that could mobilize human energies to influence the
course of history.
D. based more on notions of prestige and morality than on actual economic differences.
E. not important to his vision of social change in Western society.
Ethnography is the
A. study of biological adaptability.
B. preliminary data that sociologists use to develop survey research.
C. fieldwork component of cultural anthropology.
D. cross-cultural comparative component of cultural anthropology.
E. generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology.
In anthropology, cultural relativism is not a moral position but a methodological one. It
states that
A. because cultural values vary between cultures, they cannot be analyzed and
compared.
B. some cultures are relatively better than others.
C. in order to understand another culture fully, we must try to understand how the
people in that culture see things.
D. to understand another culture, we must try to use tactics to jar people so that their
true view of things is revealed.
E. to bring about desired cultural change, anthropologists should act as emissaries of the
most evolved cultural values.
Divorce tends to be more common
A. when the dowry is very small.
B. when marriages are political alliances between groups.
C. in matrilineal than in patrilineal societies.
D. in societies in which marriage residence is patrilocal.
E. in all societies when romance fails
Which of the following is the most important factor in determining an individual’s
power and prestige in a state?
A. personality
B. ancestry
C. speaking ability
D. anthropomorphism
E. physical size
Traditionally, in some areas of the former Yugoslavia, several nuclear families were
embedded in an extended family household called a zadruga. Among the Nayars in
southern India, it was typical for people to live in matrilineal extended family
compounds called tarawads. Descriptions of these two culturally specific cases
highlight that
A. children who grow up in stable kin groups are better off than those who don”t.
B. the nuclear family is the only stable kin group arrangement.
C. nuclear families are extremely rare in terms of living arrangements.
D. extended family households are an adaptive strategy to extreme poverty.
E. there are many alternatives to the nuclear family.
More than half of all U.S. families living in poverty are
A. patrifocal.
B. blended.
C. headed by men.
D. headed by women.
E. dichotomized.
Cultural meaning is
A. imposed by a text.
B. locally created.
C. inherent in a text.
D. produced by a text, not from it.
E. determined only by the author.
________ refers to the rapid spread or advance of one culture at the expense of others,
or its imposition on other cultures.
A. Diasporation
B. Symbolic domination
C. Cultural imperialism
D. Conquest
E. Colonialism
What is the name of the family in which a child is raised?
A. family of procreation
B. family of orientation
C. family of nucleation
D. genealogical family
E. family of kin
Among the Yanomami of Venezuela and Brazil, as in many societies with unilineal
descent, which of the following is true?
A. Marriage between parallel cousins is preferred, whereas marriage between
cross-cousins is considered incest.
B. Marriage between cross-cousins is preferred; marriage between parallel cousins is
considered incest.
C. Marriage between first cousins is preferred, but marriage between second cousins is
considered incest.
D. Marriage between sororal cousins is preferred, although marriage between levirate
cousins is considered incest.
E. Marriage between Crow cousins is preferred; marriage between Omaha cousins is
considered incest.
The presence and acceptance of which of the following is one of the key distinguishing
features of a state?
A. gender differences in terms of access to resources
B. generosity, even at the fiscal level
C. rapport between the elites and commoners
D. stratification
E. the authority of charismatic leaders
According to Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault,
A. it is easier and more effective to dominate people in their minds than to try to control
their bodies.
B. if state institutions such as prisons and schools are able to control people’s bodies,
their minds will follow.
C. anthropologists have no business studying the process of how the dominant ideology
becomes internalized, since this is the job of psychologists and political scientists.
D. overt violence is critical for a state to succeed in dominating its population.
E. anatomically modern humans have a ways to go in the process of evolution, since
they are so easily tricked into believing that forms of state control are both natural and
good.
What are the four subfields of anthropology?
A. medical anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropology
B. archaeology, biological anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropology
C. biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and
archaeology
D. genetic anthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, and
anthropology and linguistics
E. primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleoscatology
Folk art, music, and lore refer to the
A. unrefined manifestations of human creativity produced by illiterate societies.
B. expressive cultures of ordinary people.
C. forms of artistic expression found in the New World prior to the arrival of Columbus.
D. forms of artistic expression that exist independently of any given cultural system.
E. manifestations of human creativity that siblings exchange with their progenitors.
A big man’s position depends on all of the following EXCEPT
A. hard work.
B. inherited inequality.
C. generosity.
D. personal charisma.
E. creation of wealth superior to that of others.
What is the term for the arbitrary rule that automatically places the children of a union
between members of different socioeconomic groups into the less-privileged group?
A. hypervitaminosis
B. polygyny
C. polyandry
D. hypodescent
E. hypogamy
Which of the following kinds of religions involves full-time religious specialists?
A. communal religion
B. shamanic religion
C. Olympian religion
D. individualistic cults
E. idiosyncratic belief systems
Which of the following is ego’s cross-cousin?
A. MBS (mother’s brother’s son)
B. FBS (father’s brother’s son)
C. MZD (mother’s sister’s daughter)
D. FBD (father’s brother’s daughter)
E. MZS (mother’s sister’s son)
Which of the following does NOT occur in moving along the cultivation continuum?
A. Population density increases.
B. Societies become more egalitarian.
C. Village size increases.
D. Villages are located closer together.
E. Land is used more intensively.
The incest taboo is a cultural universal, but
A. it applies only to groups with bilateral kinship terminologies.
B. it does not count as such, since higher primates do it too.
C. the definition of what constitutes incest varies widely across cultures.
D. it has only recently appeared among tribal societies.
E. it has disappeared among modern societies.
Just as in other areas of anthropology, the study of language involves investigating what
is or isn”t shared across human populations and why these differences or similarities
exist. The linguist Noam Chomsky has argued that the human brain contains a limited
set of rules for organizing language, so that all languages have a common structural
basis. He calls this set of rules
A. the evolutionary linguistic imprint.
B. linguistic structuralism.
C. generalities.
D. a global mental map.
E. the universal grammar.
Which of the following phases is NOT included in passage rites?
A. aggregation
B. authorization
C. marginality
D. separation
E. reintegration