Prison gangs originated with the arrests and convictions of street gang members in the:
a. 1940s.
b. 1990s.
c. 1980s.
d. 1960s.
A program to divert drug abusers from the criminal justice system into specialized
support services is known as:
a. Drug Abuse Alternatives.
b. Addiction Recovery Program.
c. Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime.
d. Safe House Recovery Program.
Blacks are approximately ___ times more likely than Hispanics and ___ times more
likely than whites to be in jail.
a. 2, 3
b. 3, 5
c. 3, 10
d. 5, 15
Withdrawal from alcohol or drugs can:
a. cause cardiac arrest.
b. cause kidney failure.
c. cause hallucinations.
d. all of these choices.
Which of the following is the most intrusive sanction according to the continuum of
intermediate sanctions?
a. house arrest
b. restitution
c. drug courts
d. boot camps
How often do state review courts overturn a death penalty conviction?
a. always
b. seldom
c. 50 percent of the time
d. 95 percentof the time
Abraham has been in prison since 1940. He is now 86 years old. Throughout his
time in prison, he has seen changes in the prison, the type of inmates being housed,
and the laws concerning inmates. When he first got to prison, it was generally
accepted that a convicted individual forfeited all rights that were not granted in a
statute or a correctional policy.
Which court case established the policy that Abraham and the other inmates were not
entitled to the same constitutional protections as free individuals and were essentially
considered ‘slaves of the state”?
a. Baxter v. Palmigiano
b. Rhodes v. Chapman
c. Ruffin v. Commonwealth of Virginia
d. Turner v. Safely
One or more sentences imposed at the same time and served one after the other are
called:
a. consecutive sentences.
b. concurrent sentences.
c. mandatory minimum sentences.
d. sentencing sanctions.
Governor Smith is concerned with the crime rates in his state. He calls a special
session of his cabinet and also contacts a few of the state senators to initiate a
special session of Congress. Governor Smith wants to specifically address his states
sentencing strategies.
After a review of all the sentences imposed during the prior year, Governor Smith is
concerned that judges are too influenced by nonlegal factors in determining the
appropriate sentence. Which of the following would NOT be considered a nonlegal
factor?
a. age
b. gender
c. social class
d. severity of the offense
Sentencing guidelines are:
a. often perceived as an improper interference with the role of the judiciary.
b. opposed by respected judges.
c. both a and b
d. none of these choices
For every one female executed in the United States, three males are executed, meaning
only 33 percent of those killed on death row are women.
a. True
b. False
Warden Jones is the first female warden of the only correctional institution in the
state. She was promoted from assistant warden at a medium-security male prison.
During her first week of work, she realizes that running a female prison is
completely different than running a male prison.
Warden Jones is amazed to see how many inmates are involved in romantic
relationships with one another. She knows that it is impossible to prevent all sexual
encounters. However, she is particularly concerned with a few of the female inmates
who play the dominant role in the homosexual relationship. Some of them have become
violent. The inmates who play this dominant role are referred to as:
a. butch.
b. master.
c. pimp.
d. wolf.
Michael is on trial for five charges of first-degree murder, and the prosecutor is
seeking the death penalty. Michael is 18 years old and is accused of killing his
entire family, including his mother, stepfather, and two younger sisters, in a drug
induced fit. He also killed the police officer who responded to the house after the
neighbor called 911. This is the first time Michael has been arrested.
Michael’s attorneys explain the process to him. They tell him that the jury first has to
determine whether he is guilty or not guilty for the crime. This phase is known as:
a. death phase.
b. guilt/innocence phase.
c. execution phase.
d. punishment phase.
Which model of coping with prison life has women associating with other prisoners and
enjoying their associations while having few problems with correctional officers?
a. adopted style
b. convict style
c. isolate style
d. integrated style
Every female prison provides a nursery where babies up to 18 months old can live with
their mothers in prison.
a. True
b. False
Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and
dealing in stolen property. He and three of his friends went on a spree of home
burglaries where they took thousands of dollars’ worth of property from their
victims’ homes. All of Thomas’s acquaintances were juveniles and thus not of age
to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught
pawning the stolen items in a local pawn shop.
This is Thomas’s first arrest and conviction. The judge is concerned with placing
Thomas in a dangerous prison with older, more experienced offenders. The prosecutor
argues that too many people are placed on routine probation. What is the possible
solution to this debate?
a. aggravated sanctions
b. intermediate sanctions
c. just sanctions
d. strategic sanctions
Third-party custody occurs when the court assigns custody of the defendant to an
individual or agency that promises to ensure his or her later appearance in court.
a. True
b. False
The correctional population continues to:
a. stay the same
b. decline
c. grow
d. stagnate
Deathwatch team officers are responsible for:
a. preparing offenders for execution.
b. escorting them to the death chamber.
c. explaining to condemned inmates what is going to happen to their personal property.
d. all of these choices.
Contemporary prisons provide good jobs for local communities.
a. True
b. False
When did the Federal Bureau of Prisons and a number of states begin to emphasize staff
training?
a. 1940s
b. 1970s
c. 1990s
d. 2000s
Your state has a severe prison overcrowding problem. One option to alleviate this
overcrowding is to release inmates from prison early. Mr. Green, the head of the
Department of Corrections in your state, meets with Mrs. Jones, who oversees the
agency that determines whether an inmate serving his or her sentence is ready to
be released early. They also discuss the requirements of the supervision of these
inmates once they are released.
Besides selecting the prisoners for early release, what other duties do Mrs. Jones and
her employees perform?
a. They aid, supervise and provide community control of the parolees in the community.
b. They determine when to discharge each parolee.
c. They determine if parole should be revoked.
d. All of these.
Which of the following cases dealt with aggravating factors and the death penalty?
a. Gregg v. Georgia
b. Pulley v. Harris
c. Kansas v. March
d. all of these chioces
As juveniles, many incarcerated women experienced:
a. physical abuse.
b. sexual abuse.
c. harsh discipline.
d. all of these choices.
The review process for prisoners on death row takes 10 or more years from conviction
to execution because:
a. there is the possibility of error.
b. death penalty appeals are complex and take time.
c. of appellate delays.
d. all of these choices.
Family detention centers do not provide schooling or recreational activities for children.
a. True
b. False
Which goal of punishment promotes sentencing people to prison to restrain them
physically so during the time they are confined society is protected?
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. rehabilitation
d. restoration
Who is statistically more likely to commit violent crimes?
a. men between the ages of 18 and 40
b. women between the ages of 18 and 40
c. juveniles between the ages of 10 and 15
d. juveniles between the ages of 15 and 17
Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to
determine the effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites
individuals who work with the various types of sentencing options to give their
feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county. Judge
Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the
halfway house in the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the
county.
Judge Ortiz discusses the boot camp program with Captain Smith. Judge Ortiz
expressed that he is opposed to boot camps because the recidivism studies reveal
similar rates for boot camp graduates and those offenders who spend time in prison.
What is another criticism of boot camp programs?
a. The boot camp experience is dehumanizing.
b. There is meaningless physical labor.
c. Insistence on unquestioning obedience to authority does not foster prosocial behavior.
d. All of these
____________________requires an offender to perform a certain number of work
hours at a private nonprofit or government agency.
a. Community service
b. Financial restitution
c. Restorative service
d. Center probation
Searches conducted by prison officials:
a. are prohibited by law.
b. are not unreasonable as long as they are not for the purpose of harassing or
humiliating the inmate.
c. are conducted in prisons, but are prohibited by law.
d. none of these choices.
How many of the female prisoners in state prisons have children under the age of 18?
a. one-third
b. one-half
c. three-fifths
d. three-fourths
In 1999, ____________________ became fully functional, creating one of the most
important laws in protecting potential victims from sexual predators.
a. a National Sex Offender Registry
b. Megan’s Law
c. the Frank Connelly Offender Reporting Law
d. the Risk Heterogeneity Act
The American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees is an example of
a prison __________________.
A term commonly used referring to the dominant, or male, role in a homosexual
relationship in the prison society is____________________.
Programs for youthful offenders that usually do not confine them overnight are called
____________________.
Explain the different types of residential community treatment programs.
Describe the role of the correctional counselor and the importance of this role in
women’s prisons.
How does judicial discretion affect the models of determinate and indeterminate
sentencing?
Houses of corrections run by local authorities to teach habits of industry to vagrants and
idlers are known as ____________________.
Discuss the three basic functions of an adult probation officer.
What types of devices can be used to monitor offenders in the community?
___________________________ is based on the assumption that the foundations for
criminal behavior are dysfunctional patterns of thinking.
In Witherspoon v. Illinois, the Supreme Court upheld the practice of removing jurors
who ____________________.
In the case of _________________________________, the Supreme Court found that
Washington State’s sentencing guidelines violated a defendant’s Sixth Amendment
rights because they permitted a judge to consider aggravating factors that would
increase the sentence.
____________________was a practice that permitted convicted offenders to remain
free if they agreed to take care of their debt obligation with the state.
A _____________________________ is when a precedent establishes an important
principle or represents a change or new law.
Parole agents have legal authority to search persons, places, and property without
violating the requirement imposed by the _____________________.
Discuss some of the contemporary approaches with probation due to increased
caseloads and fewer probationers.