Because individuals show uneven ability across academic subjects, definitions of
giftedness have been expanded to include
A)resourcefulness.
B)divergence.
C)achievement.
D)talent.
Which of the following statements about identity development in adolescence is true?
A)Once adolescents enter an identity status, they tend to remain in that status until middle
adulthood.
B)Most adolescents change from foreclosure or diffusion to moratorium or achievement
between their midteens and midtwenties.
C)Most adolescents start out in moratorium, but by late adolescence they move toward
foreclosure and diffusion.
D)Most adolescents start out in foreclosure, but by late adolescence they move toward
diffusion and achievement.
__________ doubles the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
A)Placing a sleeping baby on her back
B)Placing a baby on a firm sleep surface
C)Placing a sleeping infant on his side
D)Maternal cigarette smoking
Girls commonly react to menarche with
A)surprise.
B)joy.
C)fear.
D)depression.
Fourteen-year-old Phil experiences muscle growth and notices the growth of body and
facial hair. Which of the following hormones is responsible for this change?
A)estrogens
B)testosterone
C)adrenal androgens
D)thyroxine
At birth, the __________ is nearer to its adult size than any other physical structure.
A)heart
B)liver
C)brain
D)skull
Two-year-old Greta pretends to bake a cake. Greta is demonstrating
A)object permanence.
B)core knowledge.
C)abstract thinking.
D)mental representation.
__________ report greater intimacy with their siblings, and __________ pairings tend to
be the closest.
A)Brothers; brother-brother
B)Sisters; sister-sister
C)Brothers; brother-sister
D)Sisters; sister-brother
Which of the following statements regarding newborns’ taste preferences is true?
A)Not until at least 12 months do babies prefer a salty taste to plain water.
B)Newborns do not exhibit taste preferences until a few weeks after birth.
C)Prenatal exposure to a flavor can influence taste preferences well into the first year.
D)Newborns do not have taste preferences because they cannot distinguish basic tastes.
Gametes
A)are formed during mitosis.
B)contain only 23 chromosomes.
C)contain 46 chromosomes.
D)determine directly observable characteristics.
In Mr. Pratico’s fourth grade classroom, students with learning difficulties work alongside
typical students for part or all of the school day. Mr. Pratico’s classroom is
A)a resource room.
B)inclusive.
C)a communities of learners.
D)constructivist.
Three-year-old Liam is putting together a puzzle. Liam’s father begins by pointing to
where each piece needs to go and then straightening out each piece as Liam places them on
the puzzle board. As Liam€s competence with the task increases, his father gradually
withdraws support. This is an example of
A)scaffolding.
B)cooperative learning.
C)reciprocal teaching.
D)transitive inference.
If Opal is a gender-schematic child, she
A)seldom views the world in gender-linked terms.
B)applies a gender-salience filter to her experiences.
C)will play with “gender-inappropriate” toys.
D)will play with a toy she likes, whether or not girls typically play with it.
Research on child maltreatment shows that
A)premature babies and children are rarely targets of abuse.
B)abuse depends more strongly on child factors than on parents’ characteristics.
C)maltreating parents suffer from biased thinking about their child.
D)abusive parents respond to stressful situations with low emotional arousal.
Which of the following children is at greatest risk for developing a phobia?
A)Yolanda, who is a self-care girl
B)Jeremy, who has low self-esteem
C)Jill, who has an inhibited temperament
D)Gligor, whose parents are divorced
Research reveals that babies perceive input from different sensory systems in a unified
way by detecting
A)amodal sensory properties.
B)invariant features of the environment.
C)affordances.
D)pictorial depth cues.
Felicity and Samantha are identical twins. They are
A)probably both right-handed.
B)more likely than ordinary siblings to differ in hand preference.
C)probably both left-handed.
D)less likely than fraternal twins to differ in hand preference.
Children who freely use private speech during a challenging activity __________ than
their less talkative agemates.
A)are less attentive
B)show better task performance
C)are less involved in the activity
D)have more adjustment problems
Which of the following statements about school-age children’s friendships is true?
A)Trust is the defining feature of friendships in middle childhood.
B) School-age children’s friendships are less selective than preschoolers’ friendships.
C)Boys are more exclusive in their friendships than girls.
D)As in early childhood, school-age children’s friendships are highly unstable.