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Computers are replacing judges every day by allowing the judge to videoconference
into the courtroom.
a. True
b. False
Which United Nations agency is charged with addressing labor standards, employment
and social protection issues, and often finds themselves dealing with human trafficking
issues?
a. International Labor Organization
b. Global Trafficking Committee
c. Asian Gangs task force
d. None of the above
More than half of all violent criminals are released on bail before trial.
a. True
b. False
In a probable cause hearing, the defendant and his or her attorney may appear and
dispute the prosecutor's charges.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is a problem associated with the validity of the UCR?
a.No federal crimes are reported.
b.If an offender commits multiple crimes, only the most serious is recorded.
c.Reports are voluntary and vary in accuracy.
d.Crime rates per 50,000 people are computed.
The inmate balance theory of the cause of collective violence suggests that riots and
other forms of collective action occur when prison officials make an abrupt effort to
take control of the prison and limit freedoms.
a. True
b. False
Gary is a police officer who is also a forensic scientist. Currently, his job is in the crime
lab and includes processing fingerprints, examining blood spatter evidence, and testing
evidence for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). One day he would like to work for the civil
justice system instead of the criminal justice system.
Which duty would Gary perform in civil justice more often than what he does as a
criminal forensic scientist?
a. Handwriting analysis
b. Toxicology
c. Trace evidence
d. Study law enforcement tactics
If you believe that procedural fairness, civil rights, and the rule of law are inviolate
principles, which justice perspective do you favor?
a. Crime control
b. Due process
c. Equal justice
d. Rehabilitation
Which of the following is not one of the four broad categories into which law today can
be divided?
a. Procedural criminal law
b. Substantive criminal law
c. Civil law
d. Procedural civil law
Grant was arrested for unlawful possession of a firearm, a misdemeanor in New York
State. He is involved in a custody battle with his ex-wife and he brought the gun with
him to scare her into letting him see his daughter more often. They got into a shouting
match and he pulled the gun out. Grant was arrested and he pled guilty to disorderly
conduct, a handgun violation, and was given probation.
You are Grant's probation officer and you stop by the police station to visit an officer on
gun amnesty and buy back day. You see Grant turning in a handgun and although he is
indeed turning it in, it is a violation of Grant's conditions of probation to be in
possession of a firearm. What is your best course of action?
a. Change Grant's probation to a suspended sentence
b. Make Grant forfeit the money he receives from the gun amnesty program
c. Revoke Grant's probation on the spot and have your friend arrest him
d. Notify Grant that his probation may be revoked and his conditions may be changed
The juvenile justice system developed as a result of:
a. a desire to help and treat children.
b. a desire to sanction the children not being punished in criminal justice.
c. Roman laws.
d. stare decisis laws.
What commission, appointed by President Herbert Hoover, made a detailed analysis of
the US justice system and helped usher in the era of treatment and rehabilitation?
a. Chicago Crime Commission
b. American Bar Foundation Commission
c. Wickersham Commission
d. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
Excessive bail is prohibited by the:
a. Fourth Amendment.
b. Fifth Amendment.
c. Sixth Amendment.
d. Eighth Amendment.
The Secret Service is housed by the US Justice Department.
a. True
b. False
What modern concept is attributed to the nineteenth century volunteer work of John
Augustus?
a. Prison
b. Parole
c. Sureties
d. Probation
What was the key to discipline in the Auburn system?
a. Flogging
b. Branding
c. Prayer and penitence
d. Silence confinement
There are often three judicial hearings in the juvenile court process: this one is first.
a. Adjudicatory hearing
b. Initial appearance
c. Dispositional hearing
d. Initial intake
The US court of appeals is empowered only to hear federal cases on substantive and
procedural issues involving rights guaranteed by the US Constitution.
a. True
b. False
Research has shown that inmates involved in religious programs and education while
incarcerated do better following release than those in comparison groups, but the
differences quickly erode.
a. True
b. False
What impact did the Supreme Court have on the juvenile justice system in the 1960s
and 1970s?
a. It adopted a hands-off approach on most legal issues.
b. It adopted a conservative ideology that stressed victims' rights and punishment.
c. It adopted a liberal ideology that stressed a need for growth in program scope.
d. It radically altered the juvenile justice system through ruling that established due
process rights for juveniles that rivaled those in the adult court system.
What is the term associated with the strict interpretation of forfeiture statutes that
produces property confiscations for even minor drug violations?
a. Zero tolerance
b. RICO raiding
c. Shock forfeiture
d. Asset grabbing
What was the principle finding of the Kansas City study?
a. It is significant what type of patrol model you implement.
b. There is little evidence that police patrol deters crime.
c. Patrol techniques can have a significant impact on citizens' attitudes.
d. Patrol techniques can significantly impact citizens' satisfaction with police.
____ policing is a department policy that emphasizes stopping crimes before they occur
rather than reacting to crimes that have already occurred.
a. Community
b. Proactive
c. Deterrent
d. Reactive
An immediate relationship must always exist between the act and the actor's intent for a
crime to occur.
a. True
b. False
Prosecutorial discretion is used to:
a. reduce the number of cases to trial.
b. help the charging decision.
c. punish offenders.
d. impose indictment in the state court process.
In the 1500s in Brideswell, a workhouse was built to hold those convicted of minor
offenses, who would work to pay off their debt; serious offenders were held there until
their execution.
a. True
b. False
The term actus reus refers to the:
a. measurement of mental ability.
b. exclusion of omission.
c. guilty person.
d. guilty act.
Illegal fishing is criminalized because fishermen are:
a. catching the fish before they have a chance to reproduce.
b. not paying the appropriate processing fees for the amount they catch.
c. discharging toxic materials back into the waterways after catching the fish.
d. destroying the chances for other fisherman to share in the profits.
Which is true of peremptory challenges during jury selection?
a. They are unlimited in number.
b. They require a stated reason for dismissal of a prospective juror.
c. They are constitutionally compelled to have a basis in "content" questions.
d. They can be used to excuse jurors for no particular reason.
Which intermediate sanction makes a jail term a condition of probation?
a. Shock probation
b. Intensive probation supervision
c. Split sentencing
d. RCC
What is the most common outcome for children when a single mother is sent to prison?
a. They are temporarily sent to a foster home or state facility.
b. They are permanently removed from her custody and put up for adoption.
c. They are placed in the care of a relative or family friend.
d. They are housed in a prison nursery.
An adjustment for a juvenile is comparable to a(n) ____ for an adult.
a. plea bargain
b. indictment
c. trial
d. sentence
