Phelan is a junior in college and, after taking several classes in education, psychology, and
music, is now ready to declare his major as music education. After college, he plans to
become an instrumental music teacher. Phelan is in the __________ phase of the realistic
period of vocational development.
A)epiphany
B)tentative
C)exploration
D)crystallization
When assessing students, Mrs. Carter introduces purposeful teaching into the testing
situation to find out what the child can attain with social support. Mrs. Carter is using
A)dynamic assessment.
B)disengagement.
C)static assessment.
D)componential analysis.
__________ occurs when the vaginal opening is stretched around the baby€s entire head.
A)Lightening
B)The bloody show
C)Crowning
D)Transition
It is __________ to make general statements about development during emerging
adulthood __________ for any other period.
A) harder; than
B) easier; than
C) as easy; as
D) less paradoxical; than
In the information-processing system, __________ is unlimited in capacity.
A)working memory
B)long-term memory
C)the central executive
D)the sensory register
Attainment of commitment within relativistic thinking occurs more often among young
people who
A)view college as a “developmental testing ground.”
B)pursue advanced graduate education.
C)understand the importance of globalization.
D)commit to finishing college.
Which of the following individuals is the most likely to score high in impulsivity,
according to research on smoking?
A)Daniel, who has a DD genetic makeup and a mother who smoked during pregnancy
B)Reba, who has a DD genetic makeup and a nonsmoking mother
C)John, who has a DD genetic makeup and a mother who smoked prior to becoming
pregnant
D)Samantha, who has a DB genetic makeup and a mother who smoked during pregnancy
Which of the following statements about how infants perceive the structure of speech is
true?
A)Rules that infants extract from the speech stream do not generalize to nonspeech sounds.
B)Parents must directly teach word-order rules for infants to understand the basic grammar
of their language.
C)Infants locate words by discriminating syllables that often occur together from syllables
that seldom occur together.
D)Infants do not become sensitive to the speech structure of individual words until after
their first birthday.
Compared with his teenage peers, John shows higher-stage thinking on Kohlberg’s
dilemmas. John is likely to
A)state that people should help others, but he is unlikely to do so in real life.
B)act prosocially by helping, sharing, and defending victims of injustice.
C)cheat in school just as much as other teens.
D)emphasize an “ethic of care” rather than justice.
Babies’ earliest emotional life consists of which two global arousal states?
A)happiness and sadness
B)fullness and hunger
C)attraction to and withdrawal from stimulation
D)happiness and fear
During childhood and adolescence, __________ correlates more strongly with overall
self-worth than does any other self-esteem factor.
A)academic achievement
B)perceived physical appearance
C)social competence
D)athletic ability
Gene-environment interaction shows that
A)people respond similarly to the same environment.
B)different gene-environment combinations can make two people look the same.
C)people with different gene-environment combinations never respond similarly.
D)heredity restricts the development of some characteristics to just one or a few outcomes.
Between 6 and 8 months, infants
A)become sensitive to syllable stress patterns in foreign languages.
B)start to ‘screen out” sounds not used in their native tongue.
C)do not yet recognize familiar words in spoken passages.
D)prefer listening to a foreign language than their own language.
Which of the following is an activity associated with experience-dependent brain growth?
A)writing a poem
B)singing a song
C)imitating facial expressions
D)playing peekaboo
Which of the following statements about self-help skills is true?
A)While young preschoolers can use a spoon well, they cannot serve themselves at
mealtimes.
B)The use of child-sized eating utensils is unnecessary and inhibits fine-motor progress.
C)Between ages 4 and 5, children can dress and undress without supervision.
D)Shoe-tying skills are typically mastered in early preschool.
Twin studies suggest a(n) __________ genetic contribution to empathy.
A)minimal
B)modest
C)somewhat high
D)elevated
Henrietta is considering using epidural analgesia during labor. You can tell her that
newborns exposed to epidural analgesia tend to
A)be irritable when awake.
B)be hyperactive and animated.
C)have trouble falling asleep.
D)suck more aggressively when feeding.
Which of the following statements about preventing childhood injury is true?
A)During the past several decades, parents have changed a great deal in how much they do
to protect their children from injury.
B)In the United States, 84 percent of infant seats and 40 percent of child booster seats are
improperly used.
C)In the United States, 12 percent of parents fail to place their children in car safety seats.
D)Young children properly restrained in car safety seats have a 50 percent reduced risk of
fatal injury.
In her research, Dr. Rosenblum explores why shy children develop differently from their
outgoing agemates. Dr. Rosenblum most likely emphasizes __________ in her research.
A)the role of distinct contexts
B)the nature-nurture controversy
C)the concept of stage
D)continuous development
Emerging adults’ chances of securing a desirable job are affected by
A)the overall quality of their college education.
B)whether their mentor is a teacher or family member.
C)whether they have undergone experience-dependent brain growth.
D)their construction of a self-centered worldview.