The statement, __________, is not true.
A. “one of the most valuable tools in applying anthropology is the ethnographic
method”
B. “many applied anthropologists have worked with development agencies such as the
World Bank and USAID”
C. “the application of anthropology to social problems has been a central concern in the
discipline since its origin”
D. “applied anthropology is a recently developed subfield within anthropology and
reflects an entirely new concern with the application of anthropology to social
problems”
E. “applied anthropologists work with development projects, in education, medicine,
and business, as well as many other fields”
__________ refers to the minimal sound contrasts that distinguish meaning in a
language.
A. Morphemes
B. Phonemes
C. Syntax
D. Grammar
E. Diglossia
Social race
A. has some biological basis, but it is mostly explained through culture.
B. has declined in importance, and anthropologists no longer study the subject.
C. is a cultural construction, so social race has no real world effects.
D. is biologically distinct from ethnic groups.
E. defines groups assumed to have a biological basis who are defined in a culturally
arbitrary manner.
An examination of racial classifications from around the world indicates that
A. all cultures classify races similarly.
B. the classification of racial types is an arbitrary, culturally specific process.
C. the best racial classifications are based solely on phenotypical traits.
D. the best racial classifications are based solely on genotype.
E. the best racial classifications are based on both genotype and phenotype.
Core nations generally do not
A. represent the dominant structural position in the world system.
B. consist of the strongest and most powerful states.
C. have advanced systems of production.
D. have complex economies.
E. have less control over world finance than do semiperiphery nations.
A __________ features differential access to resources based on social stratification.
A.chiefdom
B.band
C.clan
D.tribe
E.state
Belief in mana was especially prominent in
A. the North Pacific coast of North America.
B. Madagascar.
C. ancient Greece.
D. Melanesia.
E. sub-Saharan Africa.
__________ is a nonhuman apical ancestor of a clan.
A. Tarawad
B. Sororate
C. Levirate
D. Totem
E. Pater
In a comparative study of 68 rural development projects, it was found that
A. overinnovation was the most productive development model.
B. culturally compatible projects were twice as successful as incompatible ones.
C. the socialist bloc model was the most successful.
D. the capitalist bloc model was the most financially successful.
E. the underdifferentiated model led to the most equity.
All peasants
A. produce food without elaborate technology.
B. live in industrial states.
C. are foragers.
D. sell all of the food they produce.
E. own the land that they cultivate.
The former Soviet Union, as well as the socialist and previously socialist countries of
Eastern Europe and Asia, is sometimes referred to as
A. the Postcolonial World.
B. the Neocolonial World.
C. the First World.
D. the Second World.
E. the Third World.
Among foragers
A. men excel under harsh living conditions and therefore accrue vastly more prestige
than women accrue.
B. warfare makes men dominant over women.
C. the status of women declines when they provide most of the food.
D. men and women are equal; there is no gender inequality.
E. the lack of a clear public-domestic dichotomy contributes to reduced gender
inequality.
__________ is least likely to send female swimmers to the Olympics.
A. The United States
B. Germany
C. The Netherlands
D. Norway
E. Brazil
Malinowski found that the Trobriand Islanders used magic
A. as a means of increasing social solidarity.
B. to increase the bountifulness of the yam harvest.
C. in psychologically stressful situations, such as sailing.
D. as a means of leveling Europeans who refused to redistribute their wealth.
E. to kill their adversaries during intertribal warfare.
Agriculturalists
A. clear tracts of land they wish to use by cutting down trees and setting fire to the
grass.
B. generally work less than horticulturalists.
C. must be nomadic to take full advantage of their land.
D. use their land intensively and continuously.
E. diet is more varied than that of horticulturalists.
Classic ethnographies, like those of Malinowski, tend to focus on
A. the interpretations of those things that are important to the natives.
B. a particular aspect of culture, such as kinship or religion.
C. the anthropologist’s interactions in the culture.
D. the feminist view of culture.
E. a holistic view of all aspects of a culture.
A “big man” is a
A.person who holds a permanent political office
B.hereditary ruler
C.person of influence and prestige
D.leader who avoids excessive displays of generosity
E.leader who has tremendous power because he is regarded as divine
Postmodernism
A. originally described a style and movement in architecture.
B. rejects rules, geometric order, and austerity.
C. has a clear and functional design or structure.
D. draws on a diversity of styles from different times and places.
E. extends “value” well beyond classic, elite, and Western cultural forms.
___________ involves full-time religious specialists.
A. Communal religion
B. Shamanic religion
C. Olympian religion
D. Mana
E. Taboo
__________ refers to the blurring and breakdown of established canons (rules,
standards), categories, distinctions, and boundaries.
A. Chaos
B. Entropy
C. Postmodern
D. Agoraphobia
E. Diaspora
The postwar baby boom of the late 1940s and 1950s
A. fueled the general expansion of the American educational system, including
academic anthropology.
B. promoted renewed interest in applied anthropology during the 1950s and 1960s.
C. brought anthropology into most high school curricula.
D. produced a new interest in ethnic diversity.
E. brought an end to the world system.
__________ is not part of the patrilineal-patrilocal complex.
A. Patrilineality
B. Patrilocality
C. Warfare
D. Reduced gender stratification
E. Male supremacy
The incest taboo is a cultural universal, but
A. not all cultures have one.
B. not all cultures define incest the same way.
C. not all cultures know about incest.
D. some cultures have replaced it with the levirate.
E. some cultures nevertheless encourage incest.
_________ refers to the arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences.
A. Syntax
B. Lexicon
C. Grammar
D. Phonology
E. Morphology
What people say they do or should do is
A. imagined culture.
B. ethnocentrism.
C. agency.
D. ideal culture.
E. verbal culture.
Potlatch is a
A. festive event where the sponsors give away gifts and gain prestige in return.
B. fastening device for the first pottery to keep animals out of the food.
C. harvest festival in agricultural cultures.
D. lock for the outhouse shaped like a pot.
E. rite of intensification to solidify group bonds.
The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n)
A. genetic adaptation.
B. long-term physiological adaptation.
C. short-term physiological adaptation.
D. cultural adaptation.
E. archaeological adaptation.
Technology is transforming Thailand, and one result is that people now
A.have less political power.
B.avoid the Internet.
C.do much less farming.
D.produce less food.
E.travel frequently between provinces.
Witch hunts are an example of religion’s function as
A. a revitalization movement.
B. shamanism.
C. a form of social control.
D. a mechanism to reduce fear and uncertainty.
E. a rite of passage.
____________ have arisen in colonial situations in which local people have regular
contact with outsiders but lack their wealth, technology, and living standards.
A. Shamanistic cults
B. Revitalization movements
C. Rite of passages
D. Structuralist movements
E. Cargo cults
__________ frequently occurs during the liminal phase of a rite of passage.
A. Reversals of ordinary behavior
B. Intensification of social hierarchy
C. Formation of an implicit ranking system
D. Use of secular language
E. No change in social norms
The __________ strategy is unique to anthropology.
A. comparison
B. biological perspective
C. ethnography
D. evolutionary perspective
E. skilled respondents
Rites of passage usually consist of __________ phases.
A. uncertainty, anxiety, and solace
B. ritual, purification, and absolution
C. separation, liminality, and incorporation
D. aggregation, celebration, and liturgical orders
E. confusion, ecstasy, and nirvana
__________ is responsible for pidgin English.
A. Enculturation
B. Acculturation
C. Independent invention
D. Migration
E. Diffusion
A big man’s position does not depend on
A.hard work.
B.inherited status.
C.generosity.
D.personal charisma.
E.accumulation of wealth.