Anatomically modern humans tend to be tall and long-limbed with a short-trunked
body. This supports the notion of an African origin because:
a) these appear to be biological adaptations to tropical and subtropical climates
b) these appear to be biological adaptations to escape from predatory African animals
c) these appear to be biological adaptations to the icy, glaciated Africa of the period
d) these appear to be biological adaptations to early agriculture, which is seen only in
Africa
e) all of the above
One of the primary difficulties that scholars face in understanding the history of the use
of fire by early Homo species is that
a) carbonized wood is impossible to date reliably so it is hard to tell when hearths were
used
b) early Homo species only lived in Africa so their need for fire for warmth was
reduced
c) it is difficult to tell the difference between soil that has been hardened by fire and soil
that has been hardened by exposure to sunlight
d) early Homo species appear to have considered fire sacred and destroyed all evidence
of campfires when they had finished with them
e) it is difficult to tell the difference between fire that was controlled by humans and fire
that occurred naturally based on the archaeological record
The living primate that is most closely related to humans is the gorilla.
The scientific dating technique that involves measuring the number of electrons of
certain elements trapped in dental enamel of teeth that have been buried in the ground is
called
a) Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Dating
b) Thermoluminescence Dating
c) Radiocarbon Dating
d) Potassium Argon Dating
e) Uranium Series Dating
Ape species began to dwindle during the Miocene leaving few ape species, a situation
that exists up to the present. It is thought that ape species numbers were reduced at that
time because
a) interspecies warfare caused whole lineages to go extinct
b) early apes were used to ice age conditions and could not effectively adapt to life after
the ice age
c) the climate warmed and the forests expanded and apes had primarily been desert and
savannah species
d) the climate cooled and forests that the early apes lived in began to decline leaving
only a restricted ecological zone for these forest-dwellers to live in
e) most of the individual ape species interbred and became one species
The earliest farming in Africa was based on:
a) rice cultivation
b) domesticated animals
c) contact with Europeans
d) millet cultivation
e) maize cultivation
The ____________ Age lasted from the death of Alexander until the establishment of
the Roman Empire.
a) Hellenistic
b) Dark
c) Archaic
d) Classical
e) Macedonian
Previously overlooked or dismissed as purely a wild resource, research indicates that
______ was planted by the people of the late pre-contact era of the American Southwest
and would have been used to produce both food and workable fiber.
a) flax
b) agave
c) maize
d) squash
e) bottle gourd
Prior to the 19th century, the cultures of Africa
a) were unknown elsewhere; they had no contact with other regions of the world
b) participated in complex exchange networks that stretched into other continents
c) were simple sedentary societies with no evidence of urbanization
d) were egalitarian: they did not experience warfare or conflict
e) did not have access to metal
Based on botanical and linguistic evidence, scholars believe that which two important
indigenous cultivars were first domesticated in West Africa?
a) yams and oil palms
b) rice and millet
c) squash and bottle gourds
d) sorghum and barley
e) tobacco and coffee
The ancient Olympics were primarily religious occasions, associated with the god Zeus
and also his wife Hera.
According to our current knowledge, Neanderthals first appeared in
a) East Asia
b) Africa
c) Indonesia
d) Europe
e) all of the above
The best-preserved evidence for hominin behavior takes the form of:
a) stone tools
b) wooden digging sticks
c) graves and intentional burials of the dead
d) decorated ceramic vessels
e) built stone structures
The Uluburun shipwreck appears to have been a trading vessel that sank off the coast of
Turkey in the 14th century bc. Trade goods originally from _________ have been
recovered from this wreck.
a) the Levant
b) Cyprus
c) Egypt
d) Mycenaean Greece
e) all of the above
The site of Bashidang in northeast Hunan Province is of key significance to our
understanding of the origins of rice cultivation because:
a) it is said to be the birthplace of a rice god
b) the occupants of the site never cultivated rice, proving that area was outside of the
rice’s preferred environmental zone
c) it stands at a crossroads between the Yellow River, where rice was domesticated, and
the valley of the Yangzi River, where rice domestication was introduced later
d) a deep peat deposit was discovered there which contained preserved plant remains
e) all of the above
One theory for the dramatic decline in the overall population of farmers in the
Southwest between ad 1300 and 1500 is that it could have been the result of:
a) a severe shortage of agricultural land
b) volcanic eruption
c) extreme climate change
d) competition from non-farming groups
e) mass migration by European settlers
Although the Natufian toolkit was remarkably similar to earlier toolkits, the addition of
the _____ provides evidence for widespread change in cultural practice.
a) sickle blade
b) microlith
c) hand axe
d) biface
e) all of the above
The use of stored or diverted water to overcome seasonal deficiencies in rainfall to aid
in the cultivation of crops is called:
a) composting
b) plowing
c) terracing
d) irrigation
e) reclaiming
The use of ethnographic work to assist in the analysis of African archaeological
material is possible because of the late survival of:
a) waterlogged organic remains
b) hunter-gatherer groups in southern Africa
c) Egyptian Pharaonic dynasties
d) the people of Great Zimbabwe
e) all of the above
Both Mohenjo-daro and Harappa had a pre-eminent __________ to the west of the site
and a residential town to the east.
a) naval port
b) underground temple
c) inland sea
d) citadel mound
e) a naturally formed sacred well
Archaeology can be defined as:
a) the study of the human past from historic records
b) the study of the human past from material remains
c) the study of the geological history of the world
d) the search for ancient treasure, primarily gold
e) all of the above
Hattusa in north-central Anatolia was the capital of:
a) the Akkadian Empire
b) the Sumerian city-states
c) the Babylonian Empire
d) the Hittite Empire
e) the Persian Empire
In the Early Horizon cemeteries of Paracas, bodies were interred as:
a) “ice mummies” in high caves in the mountains that, effectively, freeze dried the
corpses
b) cremation burials in elaborate urns depicting mythological scenes
c) individuals placed in wooden coffins with tombstones
d) “mummy bundles,” wrapped in layers of finely woven and embroidered textiles
e) all of the above
Radiocarbon dating, a chronometric dating technique that revolutionized archaeology,
was invented by:
a) Elman Service
b) Lewis Henry Morgan
c) Lewis Binford
d) Willard Libby
e) Edward Taylor
Evidence from Australia and New Guinea indicate that early modern humans would
have had to ________ to move into those parts of the world.
a) cross open water
b) kill the native Homo erectus population
c) waited on the coast for sea levels to drop
d) have evolved in Asia not Africa
e) all of the above
Kong Qi was, arguably, the most influential Chinese political philosopher of all time.
He was born in 551 bc in the Zhou state of Lu and is known to the English-speaking
world as:
a) Confucius
b) Copernicus
c) Tao Te Ch”ing
d) Sun Tzu
e) Abacus
The indigenous people of New Zealand are called:
a) the Lapita
b) the Moai
c) the Rapa Nui
d) the Tonga
e) the Māori
At the Preceramic sites of Supe and Caral, dietary protein came from:
a) llama and alpaca hearting
b) hunting of megafauna
c) beans
d) scavenging prey from predators
e) sea resources
Different states might develop
a) independently from each other
b) as a result of to contact with each other.
c) because of the threat of warfare with more powerful groups
d) all of the above are possible
e) b and c only
The Indus civilization is typically identified at archaeological sites through the
discovery of:
a) a four-tier settlement hierarchy
b) cities and urban planning
c) the Indus script
d) craft and settlement specialization
e) all of the above
The Shang Dynasty came to an end in 1045 bc, when the king of the state of
__________, sent his army north to defeat the Shang at the Battle of Muye.
a) Zhou
b) Qin
c) Ming
d) Korea
e) Longshan
A ______ is a centralized political institution in which elites control large populations.
a) state
b) moiety
c) chiefdom
d) clan
e) band
Many researchers now believe that the collapse of the Indus civilization cities was
caused by:
a) a combination of environmental and social factors destabilized the traditional Indus
Civilization authority structures
b) an invasion of Indo-Aryan or Indo-European speakers who laid waste to the whole
region
c) flash flooding that forced people out of the cities and into other regions
d) the Chinese to the north who forced the Indus civilization to integrate into their
empire
e) the introduction of Hinduism, which naturally inspired a different way of life
Monks Mound at the site of Cahokia, Illinois, dates to the __________ and it is the
largest mound constructed by the native people of North America.
a) Mississippian Period
b) Archaic Period
c) Postclassic Period
d) Middle Woodland Period
e) Classic Period
Sedentary Late Epipaleolithic hunter-gather sites have been found in Iraq, Iran, and
Turkey.
Excavations at Ban Non Wat in Thailand fully support the idea that rice farming was
developed independently in Southeast Asia and was not introduced by agriculturalists
from the north.
Contrary to what was previously believed, there were no sedentary or semi-sedentary
farming communities in the American Southwest prior to 1000 bc.
Madagascar was colonized by Austronesians who sailed west across the Indian Ocean.
Both rice and millet are native to Korea, they did not need to be introduced from
abroad.
Archaeology is often considered to be a sub-discipline of anthropology.
Ubaid pottery has been found at sites along the Persian Gulf in Qatar, Oman, and on the
island of Bahrain, representing low-level exchange.
Following the demise of Teotihuacn, a unified Late Classic Maya political empire
emerges: the cities of the Maya lowlands became united under one king who ruled from
the famous site of Tikal.
Although the iconography of the “Presentation Theme” was once though to be real, the
discovery of the tomb of the Lord of Sipn proved that the images were pure fantasy:
there was no “warrior priest” and the scenes were never enacted in real life.
Sri Lanka was linked to the Indian mainland by a land bridge until as late as the 6th
millennium bc.
The term “barbarian” originally referred to someone who was unable to speak Greek.
Bananas and plantains were introduced to southern Africa from Southeast Asia, perhaps
through Madagascar.
One result of the environmental changes of the Early Holocene was the creation of
numerous islands.
“Amazonian Dark Earths” (ADE) is a term used to describe a particular dark colored
style of pottery decoration found in the Central Amazon.
The modern country of Zimbabwe, formerly called Rhodesia, took its name from one of
Africa’s largest and most impressive archaeological sites.
The Southwest Cult was a pan-regional religious ideology tied to water control and
agricultural fertility based on social inclusiveness.
As agricultural communities grew, there was often a corresponding increase in human
conflict and warfare.
Domesticated plants have been subjected to different selection pressures than their wild
relatives.
Natufian settlements were all small, ephemeral campsites; no large permanent Natufian
villages have been found.
Early European explorers were surprised to find that the Australians that they
encountered had no barter system and engaged in no trade between groups.