Gametes are
a. diploid.
b. haploid.
c. produced during mitosis.
d. none of the above.
Using direct radiometric dating of ________ provides very accurate ages for many East
African Rift Valley hominid sites.
a. volcanic rocks
b. trees
c. pottery
d. plants
Who of the following described the first specimen of Australopithecus ever discovered?
a. Louis Leakey
b. Tim White
c. Raymond Dart
d. Mary Leakey
Which of the following is not true of the fossil ape Oreopithecus?
a. It lived during the late Miocene.
b. It had specialized molar teeth adapted for eating leaves.
c. Its fossils are found almost exclusively in coal deposits in Italy.
d. It had very short arms and long legs and was probably well suited for leaping.
Homo erectus has been argued to be the first hominid to successfully migrate out of
Africa. Characterize the biology and culture of Homo erectus that led to its success
relative to earlier hominids.
Monogamy is characteristic of
a. baboons.
b. gibbons.
c. orangutans.
d. chimpanzees.
One of the most important technological innovations that appeared at about the same
time as agriculture was
a. writing systems.
b. the controlled use of fire.
c. metal tools.
d. ceramics.
From where was the archaic cranium, the Narmada skull, recovered?
a. Africa
b. North America
c. the Indian subcontinent
d. Asia
Which of the following are key factors contributing to a female primate’s success at
feeding?
a. food quality
b. food distribution
c. food availability
d. all of the above
The most likely contender for the common ancestor of all later catarrhines is
a. Oligopithecus.
b. Aegyptopithecus.
c. Parapithecus.
d. Apidium.
Homo rudolfensis is most similar in overall morphology to
a. Homo erectus.
b. Homo sapiens.
c. Homo habilis.
d. Australopithecus robustus.
Based on the existing fossil record and the genetics of living primates, the most likely
place of origin for New World monkeys is
a. Indonesia.
b. North America.
c. Africa.
d. South America.
________ likely spent appreciable time in the trees.
a. Homo erectus
b. Homo habilis
c. Homo sapiens
d. Neandertals
A study of Darwin’s finches after a long period of drought found that all species of finch
on one of the islands developed wide beaks in order to break open seeds. The type of
evolution that leads to this phenotype distribution is
a. directional selection.
b. natural selection.
c. disruptive selection.
d. stabilizing selection.
Fossil evidence of cutmarks made with stone tools at early hominid sites suggests that
a. meat eating started only with the appearance of Homo erectus and stone tools.
b. big game hunting was the most common way early hominids obtained meat.
c. meat eating started before Homo erectus but increased with more advanced
technology.
d. none of the above.
Cuvier’s work on fossil elephants in France supported the then controversial notion of
a. extinction.
b. evolution.
c. natural selection.
d. genetics.
The significance of the child’s skeleton from Lagar Velho, Portugal, is that it
a. is over 100,000 years old.
b. shows Neandertal and modern human features.
c. clearly represents an intentional burial.
d. is associated with a variety of animal bones.
Which early hominid genus differs from all others in having a thin layer of enamel on
its teeth as apes do?
a. Kenyanthropus
b. Ardipithecus
c. Australopithecus
d. Orrorin
Living lemurs are found only in
a. Asia.
b. Africa.
c. South America.
d. Madagascar.
Electron spin resonance dating would be most useful in attempting to date which
object?
a. a fossilized tooth
b. an ancient stone artifact
c. an old lava flow
d. a limestone cave deposit
In a classroom taste-test for PTC, the genotype frequency was determined to be P =
0.35 and Q = 0.65. After applying the Hardy-Weinberg equation, which of the following
was found to be the percentage of genotypes?
a. p2=0.12; 2pq=0.46; q2=0.42
b. p2=0.35; 2pq=0.00; q2=0.65
c. p2=0.12; 2pq=0.65; q2=0.23
d. None of the above
DNA replication takes place
a. prior to cell division.
b. only during the production of new gametes.
c. only during meiosis.
d. only during mitosis.
The use of different natural objects to obtain food, similar to that observed in
chimpanzees, has been observed in
a. gibbons.
b. capuchin monkeys.
c. orangutans.
d. both b and c.
Primate vocalizations
a. can serve as subtle social cues to mediate group and individual behavior.
b. are innate utterances produced in response to external stimuli.
c. cannot be “translated” or found to produce meaning to individuals within the group.
d. are only understood by the offspring of the individual producing the vocalization.
Anthropologist Sarah Hrdy has suggested that infanticide
a. is likely pathological.
b. may be an evolved reproductive strategy.
c. is never contested by females.
d. does not occur in primates.
In your primate anatomy lab, you are asked to observe the skulls of a male and a female
baboon. After examining each skull and making notes about the large difference in
canine size, you conclude that
a. differences in canine size are related to differences in feeding strategy and males’
preference for animal protein.
b. male baboons are likely to compete regularly for resources, including access to
females.
c. male baboons of this species disperse from their natal groups and are less likely to be
related.
d. both b and c.
A cline
a. is continuous variation that follows a continuum.
b. is variation that falls into discrete categories.
c. describes the pattern of occurrence of trisomy 18.
d. describes the number of sweat glands common in a population in relation to latitude.
Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia,
along with
a. abundant stone tools.
b. animal bones with cut marks.
c. evidence for early Homo.
d. fossil footprints.
The effects of ________ have increased from 10,000 years ago to the present.
a. mutations
b. gene flow
c. genetic drift
d. natural selection
While your mother is at the bookstore looking for something new to read, she mentions
that she is interested in learning more about what her daughter is currently writing, an
ethnography. The clerk asks for a more detailed description of an ethnography, so your
mother phones you asking for more information. Your response includes which of the
following?
a. what physical anthropologists produce
b. a description of observations about living human cultures
c. a description of observations about ancient prehistoric cultures
d. a description of behavioral observations of nonhuman primates