Middens are always located close to habitation sites.
The presence of hookworms and pinworms in palaeofeces indicates unhygienic and
unhealthful conditions.
Optimization models are used to explain aspects of behavior related to the use of
resources.
Archaeologists themselves have all the training needed to analyze all the results of the
fieldwork after data collection has been completed.
Rock art is an example of the kind of archaeological data that can be used to reconstruct
palaeoclimates.
GIS allows the archaeologist to see several meters below the surface of the Earth to
predict exactly where sites will be on the landscape.
One measure of social and political organization within a chiefdom is the degree of
craft specialization.
Although archaeological sites are always classified based on their function, they are
rarely classified by age.
Archaeologists are always against tourists visiting a site.
The process of archaeological seriation depends on the existence of cultural change.
Archaeology helped determine that Moche ceramic iconography does not portray
ceremonies that actually took place.
When a new ethnic group that moves into an area brings their culture with them, the
archaeological record should reflect new organizations and technologies “suddenly”
replacing earlier ones.
Experimental archaeology only demonstrates that something could have been done in a
particular way, not that it was definitely done that way.
Natural mummies provide less information about ancient people’s anatomy because
they were not made on purpose.
Copper and gold do not always have to be smelted before they can be worked.
It is easy to interpret sex roles and gender characteristics from artifact assemblages.
Material remains within a site are distributed non-randomly across that site.
Cultural materialism forms the basis of much processual archaeology.
The sites that archaeologists excavate belong to them and they can do whatever they
wish with the remains and artifacts.
Most archaeological models of change deal with relatively long-term processes of
transformation.
Prior to the field methods employed by Augustus H.L.F. Pitt-Rivers and Flinders Petrie,
archaeological fieldwork was not generally systematic or rigorous.
ARPA is often referred to as “the burial law”
It is possible that a comet hit North America about 12,900 years ago.
Artifact types regularly change over time.
Most indigenous people would rather let archaeologists and other cultural professionals
manage their cultural heritage.
Both projectile points and pottery shards can be used as temporal types.
Cognitive archaeology is practiced only by postprocessual archaeologists.
The attributes relevant to the archaeologist attempting to classify artifacts always match
the attributes regarded as important by the maker or user of the objects.
Intensive management of certain resources can lead to domestication.
Thermoluminescence is a radiometric technique commonly used to date pottery, burned
clay features, and cave formations ranging from 50 to 50,000 years in age.
Remote sensing refers to never having to physically survey the area of interest.
The number of identified specimens (NISP) is a count of how many identified
individuals of a particular taxon are present.
It is easier for archaeologists to reconstruct past climates than past weather.
A key characteristic of the bone flutes from the Jiahu site is that__________.
A) they are made from human bones
B) they each contain the same number of holes
C) they are too degraded to function
D) they are capable of producing multitones
E) they tell us precisely how musical compositions were performed
__________ involves the actual movement of a population of people from one locality
to another.
A) Exchange
B) Diffusion
C) Diaspora
D) Innovation
E) Migration
__________ states that as conditions change, the way a particular cultural subsystem
operates may change also, disrupting the equilibrium and necessitating changes in the
other subsystems, to reach a new equilibrium.
A) Diffusionism
B) Evolutionary archaeology
C) Innovation theory
D) Synchronic theory
E) Systems theory
In the course of his research among the Nunamiut, Binford learned __________.
A) perspectives of indigenous archaeologists
B) how kinship affected migration patterns
C) how ancient Nunamiut moved about the landscape, using GIS data
D) how gender roles of “masculine” and “feminine” differ from Western societies
E) how ancient populations hunted large game, like mammoths
When is a research design is most likely completed by an archaeologist?
A)prior to going into the field
B) when the archaeologist is drawing conclusions
C) during fieldwork and excavation
D) while the archaeologist is pursuing a degree in archaeology
E) when a hypothesis is not supported
One main reason for the rejection of the theory of unilinear cultural evolution was that
__________.
A) there was significant evidence that groups evolve along a single line
B) Morgan and Tylor were found to have created erroneous data to support their theory
C) barbarism precedes savagery
D) there was too much variation in cultural complexity
E) it was not supported by Darwin’s theory of evolution
Which of the following would be of the least interest someone studying
paleodemography?
A) the age of prehistoric peoples
B) the stature of prehistoric peoples
C) the technology of prehistoric peoples
D) diseases of prehistoric peoples
E) the DNA of prehistoric peoples
Using evolutionary changes in well-known groups of animals as a dating tool is known
as __________.
A) faunal correlation.
B) FUN dating
C) cross referencing
D) seriation
E) dendrochronology
One of the three major criteria for classifying sites is __________.
A) cultural associations
B) preservation quality
C) function
D) architectural features
E) presence of human remains
Judgment sampling is best described as which of the following?
A) involves arbitrary decisions on the part of the archaeologist
B) uses random number tables to define sampling areas
C) is always more productive than random sampling
D) should only be used when random samples are unavailable
A latrine is an example of an activity area.
Archbishop James Ussher’s determination that the Earth was created in 4004 BC meant
that __________.
A) metal must have been used by humans since creation
B) no events occurred before Noah’s Flood
C) people were only present in Europe prior to the Middle Ages
D) animals and humans had changed significantly since the date of creation
E) many important events occurred during the Stone Age
In Australian archaeology __________.
A) Aborigines are rarely consulted
B) Aborigines have attempted to stop any archaeological research
C) there are so few artifacts that mitigation is rarely an issue
D) there have been increasing initiatives to foster cooperation among Aboriginal groups
and archaeological researchers
E) none of the above
Inhumations which contain human remains that have been previously buried in a
different location are called __________.
A) secondary burials
B) cremains
C) plague pits
D) mass graves
E) reburials
Radiocarbon dating which involves atom counting __________.
A) is called accelerator mass spectrometry dating.
B) requires a larger sample than gas decay counting.
C) involves a direct count of N14 atoms.
D) can be used in every situation
Change that occurs at the same general time across geographic space, and can be seen
in the various environments, languages, economies, and cultures that exist in different
places at that time is called __________.
A) synchronic
B) diachronic
C) atemporal
D) universal
E) none of the above
Forensic archaeologists __________.
A) excavate underwater sites
B) expose archaeological hoaxes
C) analyze material from crime scenes or battlefields
D) work exclusively in the Palaeolithic
E) specialize in dating archaeological materials
Hearths __________.
A) are an example of geofacts
B) are commonly found in the archaeological record
C) can be used for radiocarbon dating
D) are found exclusively in outdoor sites
E) are rarely found in pits
Which of the following is an example of experimental archaeology?
A) Trying to build a pyramid
B) Observing contemporary hunter-gatherers
C) Developing extensive culture histories
D) Incorporating satellite imagery into archaeological research
E) Creating computer maps of sites with GPS technology
The UNESCO convention of 1970 __________.
A) was convened to address the international problem of illegal import, export, and
transfer of artifacts
B) had the power to enforce its resolutions
C) made it illegal to sell copies of antiquities
D) concluded that there was no illegal international trade in antiquities
E) legalized the sale of common antiquities
Who is credited with discovering many pre-Inka societies in Peru?
A) Charles Lyell
B) Max Uhle
C) The conquering Spaniards
D) Cyrus Thomas
E) Thomas Jefferson
The change in Tasmanian subsistence from a dependence on fish was most likely a
result of __________.
A) climate change
B) population explosion
C) overfishing
D) adaptation
E) depopulation
Boucher de Perthes is famous for __________.
A) deciphering the Rosetta Stone
B) formulating uniformitarianism
C) finding the first Neanderthals
D) finding stone tools in association with extinct animals
E) organizing the past into three basic ages
__________ and __________ are associated with the theory of unilinear cultural
evolution.
A) Lyell; Tylor
B) Lyell; Petrie
C) Morgan; Tylor
D) Boucher de Perthes; Morgan
E) Darwin, Petrie
A Global Positioning System will do which of the following?
A) provide a three dimensional picture of an archaeological site
B) find buried archaeological sites for you
C) help you find your exact position on the globe
D) will count artifacts
A distinct geographic area containing a specific group of inter dependent living species
is called __________.
A) a climate
B) an ecotone
C) an ecosystem
D) a biome
E) an ecozone.
European colonialism resulted in __________.
A) ethnocentrism and racism amongst archaeololgists
B) greater understanding and tolerance of native peoples
C) the creation of the subfield of cultural anthropology
D) objective and unbiased archaeological research
E) laws and regulations that limit the activities of Western archaeologists
Liquid scintillation decay counting is a form of __________.
A) seriation.
B) radiocarbon dating.
C) FUN analysis.
D) thermoluminescence.
E) obsidian hydration.
Which of the following is an example of an ancient site built with significant
astronomical alignments?
A) Egyptian pyramids
B) Maya palaces
C) Stonehenge
D) all of the above
Archaeologists helped a group in northeastern Bolivia by __________.
A) rediscovering lost textile weaving techniques
B) discovering ancient farming techniques that were more productive
C) preserving a ceremonial site in danger of being destroyed by the construction of a
new road
D) finding a lost ancestral burial ground
E) discovering a lost Inca city that now serves as the basis for a tourist economy
Thinking up new ways of doing things using already established methods, systems of
organization, or technologies is called __________.
A) creativity
B) invention
C) diffusion
D) innovation
E) migration
The place where two ecozones meet and overlap is called __________.
A) an ecotone
B) a habitat
C) a biome
D) an ecosystem
E) a continent
The creation of a new type of technology, often in response to a need to accomplish
some task, is called __________.
A) reaction
B) invention
C) diffusion
D) migration
E) innovation
The half-life of radiocarbon is known to be approximately __________.
A) 57,000 years.
B) 5,700 years.
C) 7,000 years.
D) 57 years.
E) 5,000 years.
What was found at the site at Laetoli?
A) stone tools
B) a new species of dinosaur
C) fossilized hominid footprints
D) the first evidence of the use of fire
E) the earliest domesticated goats