As Sunni plays, she says: “Where’s the cup? I want the cup. Oh, there it is. Now, I need the
spoon.” Sunni is engaging in what researchers now call __________ speech.
A)egocentric
B)private
C)inner
D)social
A severe famine in the Netherlands during World War II revealed that
A)the sensitive-period concept operates with nutrition.
B)malnutrition during the first trimester is not associated with miscarriage.
C)malnutrition during the second trimester is associated with large head size.
D)malnutrition during the third trimester is associated with physical defects.
Lydia acts out her __________ of putting her baby brother to bed when she plays with her
doll.
A)theory of mind
B)autobiographical memory
C)script
D)recognition memory
Meiosis results in __________ in the male and __________ in the female.
A)four sperm; one ovum
B)one sperm; four ova
C)millions of sperm; about 40,000 ova
D)four sperm; millions of ova
Trevor just experienced spermarche. Which of the following is likely to be true?
A)Trevor will tell a friend that he experienced spermarche.
B)Trevor’s first ejaculation occurred earlier than he expected.
C)Trevor did not know about ejaculation ahead of time.
D)Trevor learned about spermarche from discussions with his father.
After a trip to the supermarket, Raj asks his daughter, “Do you remember the supermarket?
What did we do at the supermarket? What food did we buy at the supermarket?” Raj is
using a(n) __________ style to elicit his daughter’s autobiographical memory.
A)deliberate
B)repetitive
C)reconstructive
D)elaborative
Research on friendships shows that
A)preschoolers interact in essentially the same ways with both friends and nonfriends.
B)preschoolers give the same amount of reinforcement to nonfriends as to friends.
C)most friendships during the preschool years are based on mutual trust.
D)children who begin kindergarten with friends in their class adjust to school more
favorably.
In the United States, child-care settings providing the very worst care tend to
A)serve middle-SES families.
B)serve low-SES families.
C)be publicly subsidized, nonprofit centers.
D)be in family homes.
Which of the following children is engaging in social comparison?
A)Florrie, who observes that she is better at singing than her peers but does not run as fast
B)Clark, who understands that his friend is upset because he received a poor grade
C)Astra, who describes herself as talkative and fun-loving, but also as a hard worker
D)Julien, who attributes his successful basketball dribbling skills to ability
The __________ becomes the nervous system.
A)ectoderm
B)mesoderm
C)endoderm
D)trophoblast
Research confirms that media multitasking
A)fragments the attention span.
B)improves flexibility of thought.
C)has little effect on the ability to focus.
D)improves explicit memory.
Which of the following adolescents is likely to experience greater gains in moral
reasoning?
A)Bradley, who is very competitive
B)Carolyn, who is open-minded
C)Jude, who is confident
D)Analiese, who is introverted
Danica is a healthy 35-year-old woman who is pregnant with her first child. Danica is
A)more likely than a younger woman to have a baby with low birth weight.
B)likely to have a longer and more difficult labor than a younger woman.
C)more likely to have prenatal complications than a woman in her twenties.
D)as likely as a younger woman to have no prenatal or birth complications.
Theorists who believe that children who are high or low in a characteristic will remain so
at later ages typically stress the importance of
A)heredity.
B)stages.
C)nurture.
D)plasticity.
Which of the following teenagers with family difficulties has an especially high risk of
substance abuse?
A)Jake, whose mother is unemployed
B)Ken, whose friends use and provide drugs
C)Walt, who lives with his single father
D)Paul, who has a below-average school performance