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Mark is learning about the history of police. He wants to find out if police were always
the way they are now: those who protect the public, serve the community, and attempt
to catch criminals. He dives into his history book and finds that the first organized
police force was established in 1829.
Mark is considering a career in law enforcement and would like to stay in his
hometown providing basic law enforcement services. But, he is also interested in the
court system and public order. What is the best fit for Mark's aspirations?
a. State police
b. County police
c. Sheriff
d. Municipal police
Sentencing for the purpose of general deterrence has most to do with:
a. changing the offender's future behavior through fear.
b. modifying the social environment from which the offender came.
c. changing the perception of the general public.
d. determining the proportionality of the sentence.
Which of the following is false regarding the use of DNA?
a. DNA profiling allows suspects to be identified on the basis of genetic material.
b. The United States is the only country with a DNA database.
c. The US is the only country with a DNA database.
d. DNA fingerprinting is used as evidence in criminal trials in many states.
Which of the following is not one of the duties of a prosecutor?
a. Investigate possible violations of the law
b. Maintain administrative control over grand jury proceedings
c. Represent the government in appeals
d. Subpoena witnesses to a crime
The approach of the early American juvenile court is best described as:
a. paternalistic
b. adversarial
c. investigative
d. due process oriented
Restorative justice programs have been implemented in police departments when the
police first encounter a crime.
a. True
b. False
The rehabilitation movement of the 1960s was guided by the medical model.
a. True
b. False
An individual's demeanor is a situational factor that an officer considers when deciding
whether or not to arrest.
a. True
b. False
Which statement is false?
a. Research shows a strong correlation between legal variables and the type and length
of sentence received.
b. There is a clear and concise relationship between social class and sentencing.
c. Judges may perceive women as better risks than men, thus creating gender bias in
sentencing.
d. Victim characteristics may influence sentencing.
What were the organized private police that patrolled eighteenth-century England
called?
a. Constables
b. Shire reeves
c. Bobbies
d. Thief takers
Research shows that immigrants are much more crime prone than the general
population, so that as the number of immigrants increases, per capita crime rates
increase dramatically.
a.True
b.False
Greg is 18 years old and has a drinking problem. He dropped out of high school and
doesn"t have a steady job, but rather picks up bits and pieces of work when people are
hiring for the short term. Last night he was arrested for driving while intoxicated, but
before the police stopped him Greg ran a stop sign and got into an accident. The driver
of the other vehicle is in serious but stable condition in the hospital. The biggest
problem is that Greg is a repeat offender and has two previous driving under the
influence (DUIs) on his record.
The judge decides that Greg has used up all of his chances and decides to sentence him
to a more serious punishment but one that he can revisit at a later date. What is the
judge likely to choose?
a. Jail
b. Split sentence
c. Prison
d. Demarcation
Because of the budget deficit, the US government is looking for ways to cut costs. They
have announced a plan to dissemble all state supreme courts or courts of last resort and
have all cases appealed from state appellate courts go directly to the US Supreme Court.
What will the decision to dissemble all state supreme courts mean for the juries that
hear the cases on that level?
a. The state supreme court will have to lay off the jury members.
b. Juries are not used for US Supreme Court proceedings.
c. Only the best jurors will be selected for the US Supreme Court proceedings.
d. A defendant's Sixth Amendment rights may be violated.
_______are violations of existing criminal laws designed to protect people, the
environment, or both.
a. Denial-of-service attacks
b. Habitat violations
c. Green crimes
d. Mortgage fraud schemes
Voir dire is when potential jurors are questioned by the prosecution and defense to
determine if they can sit on the jury.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a reason for a nolle prosequithe term used when a
prosecutor decides to drop a case after a complaint has been formally made?
a. Race of the defendant
b. Insufficient evidence
c. Reluctance of witnesses to testify
d. Police error
Consideration of bipolar disorder and its role in criminal behavior would fall under
biosocial theory.
a.True
b.False
The first prison treatment programs were drug treatment programs.
a. True
b. False
Juveniles do not have the protection of the Miranda decision: they do not have the right
to remain silent during police interrogation.
a. True
b. False
Zack has just pled not guilty by reason of insanity to killing his parents and his brother.
He was arrested walking down the street without any clothes on with dried blood all
over him. He has always been an introvert, and people used to call him names and say
that he was crazy. Over the past couple of years, Zack has had a lot of black-out type
situations where he doesn"t remember the days before he finds himself somewhere
unfamiliar doing something strange.
At Zack's trial, the prosecution opens their questions by calling on the cleaning lady
who found the dead bodies. She tells the court that Zack has always been a demon child
and there was always something wrong with him. The judge instructs the jury not to
listen to the explanation of who Zack was and how he behaved because:
a. she is not an expert in cleaning up blood.
b. her testimony was not fact but her opinion.
c. her opinion boosts the prosecution's case.
d. the defense has already entered a directed verdict.
The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) requires local police agencies to
provide a brief account of each incident and arrest within 22 crime patterns, including
incident, victim, and offender information.
a.True
b.False
Programs such as house arrest and restitution are examples of community parole.
a. True
b. False
Most formal trials are heard by a jury although some defendants can request a bench
trial.
a. True
b. False
Withholding medical treatment is a violation of the ____ Constitutional Amendment.
a. First
b. Fourth
c. Eighth
d. Fourteenth
Which of the following is not one of the judicial functions of a judge?
a. Consider leniency or severity requests from police and prosecutors
b. Administrative control over probation
c. Consult with probation staff on treatment decisions
d. Draft legislative language to be forwarded to congressional sponsors
If you are charged with armed robbery, your trial would take place in which type of
court?
a. A court of limited jurisdiction
b. A court of general jurisdiction
c. An appellate court
d. A specialty court
Which of the following police operations best exemplifies community-oriented
policing?
a. A sting operation where officers pose as fences of stolen property.
b. Creation of a well-armed special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team trained in
hostage negotiation.
c. Computerized data terminals installed on the dash of all patrol cars.
d. The hiring of bilingual officers to patrol ethnic neighborhoods.
Which of the following is true?
a. One hundred and thirty nine countries have abolished the death penalty in law or
practice or for certain crimes.
b. There are 58 retentionist countries.
c. Today, about 40 percent of inmates on death row are African"American.
d. All of these statements are true.
Modern development of legally separating adult and juvenile offenders can be traced to
two developments in English custom law, one is?
a. Legal rights of juveniles
b. Parens patriae
c. Psychological treatment of youth
d. The need for judicial waiver
The "hands-off doctrine" refers to:
a. the inmate code for handling prison snitches.
b. the passive federal court approach to inmate complaints prior to the 1960s.
c. a correctional policy of segregating HIV-infected inmates from the mainstream
population.
d. the court ruling that forbid the use of corporal punishment in prison.
Moral entrepreneurs, people who wage moral crusades to control criminal law, are a
part of which view of crime?
a.Interactionist
b.Conflict
c.Consensus
d.All of the above
__________ terrorism uses violence to frighten those in power and their supporters and
seek to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or
religious views.
a. Revolutionary
b. Political
c. National
d. Retributive
A prisoner that is sentenced for two crimes and serves his sentences one after the other
is serving ______ sentences.
Discuss the principles of the hands-off doctrine and how it shaped prisoners' rights prior
to 1960.
Brought to England from the American colonies, ____________ and chancery courts
mandated care for wayward and destitute children.
Programs such as fines and forfeiture are examples of ____________________
sanctions.
Discuss the historical development of criminal law.
Elaborate the meaning of due process through the use of an example.
Explain the four ways states allow juveniles to be tried as adults in the criminal courts.
The severity of punishment is geared to the offender's ability to pay in
____________________.
An adjudication is also called a(n) ____________________ hearing.
Globalization took off with the fall of the _______.
____________________ entails the conditional release of a convicted offender, without
a jail term, into the community under the supervision of the court, subject to certain
conditions for a specified time.
Decriminalization, deinstitutionalization, and pretrial diversion are favored by those
adhering to the ____________________ perspective.
The term used in some jurisdictions for a preliminary hearing to show cause to bring a
case to trial: ___ hearing.
Availability of treatment and size of caseloads are examples of ______ issues
considered by the prosecutor.
The ____________________ style of policing believes the most important aspects of
police work are investigating serious crimes and apprehending criminals.
Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of community correctional facilities. Have these
programs been effective?
The offender's race, gender, and ethnic background are _____________ issues.
