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It has been suggested that in the Neolithic period, the burial of the dead beneath houses
and the recovery and treatment of skulls represents:
a) violent warfare
b) a lack of religion or ritual behavior
c) an ancestor cult
d) extreme social stratification
e) all of the above
The use of various forms of floral and faunal resources to meet dietary needs is a
modern human behavior referred to as:
a) multi-region hypothesis
b) surplus economics
c) a broad spectrum economy
d) the multivariate approach
e) supply side economics
Evidence for the late Pleistocene climate in the Yangzi Valley, and thus related to the
domestication of rice, comes from:
a) pollen cores
b) the study of changes in land forms (geomorphology)
c) sediment sequences
d) all of the above
e) a and c only
Jomon-period Japan is an example of
a) one of the earliest complex agricultural societies in Asia
b) cross-cultural exchange between Asia and South America
c) a society based entirely on intensive herding of animals, primarily horses and pigs
d) a society run by scribe-elites who could read and write
e) a sophisticated hunter-gatherer society that was exposed to but did not adopt
agriculture
Proponents of processual archaeology have drawn heavily on parallels between ancient
cultures and modern ones. The study of modern traditional societies to inform
archaeological data is called:
a) cognitive archaeology
b) agency theory
c) experimental archaeology
d) ethnoarchaeology
e) postmodern archaeology
Sedentary farming communities were established across Southwest Asia by:
a) 20,000 bc
b) 6000 bc
c) 10,000 bc
d) 16,000 bc
e) 50,000 bc
Although many researchers, starting with John Marshall in the 1920s, have asserted that
the Indus civilization was inherently peaceful, the presence of __________ may
indicate that Indus cities experienced as much violence as their Southwest Asian
neighbors.
a) representations of war and warriors in Indus art
b) weapons as grave goods
c) battle hymns recorded in the Indus script
d) graves filled with bodies who were clearly killed in battle
e) massive mud-brick city walls
The line on the map drawn by Movius in the 1940s separates
a) the producers of Acheulean hand axes from groups that did not produce hand axes
b) East and South Asia from Africa, west Asia, and western Europe
c) early modern humans from Neanderthals
d) all of the above
e) a and b only
According to __________, the city of Tula, which is associated with the Toltec culture,
was site of a mythical place called Tollan where the god Quetzalcoatl was worshiped.
a) the Maya
b) the Olmec
c) the Aztec
d) the Mixtec
e) the Zapotec
The annual flooding of the ___________ River produced a strip of extremely fertile
agricultural land, which led to successful subsistence strategies that supported the
development of one of the worlds most fascinating and complex societies.
a) Amazon
b) Congo
c) Danube
d) Bantu
e) Nile
The site of Blombos Cave in __________ has yielded spectacular evidence for early
modern human behavior including broad subsistence strategies and jewelry and ochre
fragments.
a) South Africa
b) China
c) Ethiopia
d) Tanzania
e) Israel
Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the use of metal in
Mesoamerica:
a) metal was used primarily for utilitarian objects such as tools and was rarely used for
ritual objects
b) metal was mined and worked extensively in Mesoamerica and Mesoamerican
metalwork is found throughout South America
c) metal was rarely used and, when it was, it was for ritual objects and not tools
d) the people of ancient Mesoamerica had no exposure to any metal whatsoever
e) the people of Mesoamerica were the first to develop platinum and steel
By the Middle Woodland period __________ had become an important part of a rich
ceremonial life that included elaborate burials, graveside rituals, and aesthetically
pleasing artifacts.
a) ballcourts
b) stone pyramids
c) mounds
d) subterranean temples
e) sacred trees
From 1530 to 1155 bc the ceremonial capital of the Kassites, who spoke a language
unrelated to any other known language, was:
a) Jerusalem
b) Ur
c) Akkad
d) Babylon
e) Hattusa
The Japanese kingdom of __________, centered in western Honshu, developed from
the Late Yayoi culture in the 3rd century ad and was ruled by okimi, or great kings.
a) Koguryo
b) Khotan
c) Funan
d) Yamato
e) Honshu
Gbleki Tepe, an aceramic Neolithic site in Turkey, is surprising because although
monumental enclosures and monoliths are present:
a) there is no sign of ritual activity at the site
b) there are no clear signs of houses or domestic occupation at the site
c) the site was only used for a very short time
d) there is no nearby source of stone
e) they are rough and undecorated
Which of the following crops was NOT domesticated in the hilly areas of Southwest
Asia:
a) barley
b) rice
c) wheat
d) peas
e) lentils
No transitional skeletons (skeletons which display traits of both Homo sapiens and
Homo ergaster) have ever been found in Africa.
The population of aceramic Neolithic atalhyk:
a) was small and ephemeral
b) is difficult to determine since no houses have been found there
c) was smaller than that of earlier Epipaleolithic sites
d) may have numbered several thousand people
e) seems to have numbered in the tens to hundreds of thousands, making it a true city
Australopithecus aethiopicus, A. robustus, and A. boisei are all classified as
________________ australopithecines.
a) tree-dwelling
b) robust
c) gracile
d) boiseian
e) aggressive
With the advent of the Holocene, changes in the subsistence strategies and cultural
practices of hunter-gatherer groups in Australia were primarily caused by:
a) the introduction of a new religion from abroad
b) contact with Polynesian seafarers who introduced agriculture
c) changes in the environment
d) contact with European explorers
e) all of the above
By 6000 bc there is abundant evidence for the transition to agriculture in what have
been identified as village sites in the Yellow River Valley. Which of the following is a
common characteristic of these early agricultural sites:
a) a complete lack of pottery
b) temporary structures that befitted a mostly nomadic lifestyle
c) a lack of burials or any treatment of the dead
d) storage pits for agricultural surpluses
e) an absence of tools for processing grain
_______, which are associated with rice-farming villages in Korea, are tombs
constructed out of two large upright stones that are topped with a cap stone.
a) Dolmens
b) Congs
c) Chulmuns
d) Mekongs
e) Jomons
When considering long-term sedentism among Holocene Australians:
a) some evidence exists in the form of low mounds and stone walls
b) an abundance of foodstuffs has been suggested as a possible motivation
c) ditches that may have served as eel traps could indicate some degree of sedentism
d) evidence for it is inconclusive and often overstated
e) all of the above.
Eridu, an important site in southern Iraq that was home to a series of temples dedicated
to the god Enki, belongs to what period?
a) the Ubaid
b) the Neolithic
c) the Halaf
d) the Enkidu
e) the Tell el-Amarna
One of the most important changes to take place in the middle part of what is now
North America about 2000 years ago was a dramatic increase in the dietary significance
of:
a) herd animals
b) marine resources
c) megafauna
d) cultivated native plants
e) wheat and barley
Unlike in later periods, Paleoindian period bison kill-sites:
a) did not usually involve driving bison over cliffs
b) display far less processing of animals for transport and storage
c) tend to be smaller with fewer animals killed
d) do not show evidence of rendering bones for fat and grease
e) all of the above
In peninsular India during the Neolithic, over 50 ash mounds have been found in the
Deccan, which were formed by:
a) the depositing of generations of cremation burials
b) the burning of successive phases of stockades or pens
c) volcanic eruptions covering archaeological sites
d) massive fire pits used to prepare food for feasting
e) all of the above
At middle to late Archaic sites, the transition from the casual cultivation of weedy little
gourds to the full domestication of edible squashes can be seen in the archaeological
record in the form of:
a) an overall shrinking of fruit size
b) an increase in seed size
c) a thickening of fruit walls
d) a decrease in seed size
e) a hardening of fruit flesh
When Europeans first encountered native North Americans in the 16th century they
found:
a) settled communities, some with populations of more than 1,000 people
b) large communities of maize growers
c) non-agricultural societies that lived in small, mobile groups
d) large societies with subsistence strategies based on non-agricultural resources
e) all of the above
___________ were a prominent feature of the north European Neolithic, and were
connected with display and prestige, as well as with practical tasks.
a) plastered skulls
b) bronze pectorals
c) polished stone axes
d) chariots
e) cremation urns
V. Gordon Childe's theory that farming emerged through a symbiotic relationship
between humans, plants, and animals which came into contact in areas where water was
available is called the:
a) Hilly Flanks Hypothesis
b) Demographic Theory
c) Evolutionary Hypothesis
d) Oasis Theory
e) Feasting Hypothesis
Another name for processual archaeology is:
a) postmodern archaeology
b) migrationist theory
c) postprocessual archaeology
d) ethnobotany
e) the new archaeology
