Dating methods indicating that something is older or more recent than something else
a. are called chronometric dating methods
b. are called absolute dating methods
c. include the K/Ar method
d. never require stratigraphic information
e. are called relative dating methods
Paleoanthropologists consider__________________ to be the immediate predecessors
to modern Homo sapiens.
a. premodern Homo sapiens
b. anatomically modern Homo sapiens
c. late modern Homo erectus
d. Homo heidelbergensis from sites in Iraq
e. Individuals represented during the Early Pleistocene
The diversification of reptiles facilitated by the evolution of the reptilian egg is a good
example of which of the following?
a. parallel evolution
b. specialization
c. homology
d. adaptive radiation
e. devolution
The ________ epoch has been called the “Ice Age.”
a. Pleistocene
b. Paleocene
c. Pliocene
d. Miocene
e. Eocene
The suborder Strepsirhini includes
a. Lemurs and lorises
b. Tarsiers, lemurs and lorises
c. Lorises, chimpanzees, and gorillas
d. Chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans
e. Strepsirhini is not a suborder of primates
______ dispersal is the most common pattern in mammals, including primates.
a. female
b. male
c. elders
d. children
e. elderly
The question of whether modern humans and Neandertals interbred at some point
a. was settled about ten years ago
b. was never an issue among paleoanthropologists
c. is far from settled
d. was called into question with the discoveries at Zhoukoudian
e. is established based on genetic evidence.
Based on the cultural data, which of the following best describes the opinion of the
majority of archaeologists regarding the origins of Native Americans?
a. Native American populations originated in Asia.
b. Native American populations are the result of multiple migrations from both Asia and
Western Europe.
c. Native Americas only traveled along the Bering Land Bridge route.
d. It is unclear where the Native American populations originated.
e. Many Native American populations are likely the result of boat travel from
Polynesia.
The Oldowan is defined as part of what tradition:
a. Lower Paleolithic
b. Protohominin
c. Late Stone Age
d. Middle Paleolithic
e. Late Paleolithic
Primate groups composed of several adult males and females are advantageous in areas
where
a. there are few sleeping sites
b. humans are active
c. primates are crepuscular
d. predation pressure is high
e. predation pressure is low
Bioarchaeological studies have shown that overall health quality
a. declined with the development of agriculture.
b. improved with the development of agriculture.
c. declined in great part due to the lack of mosquito control.
d. improved with the lifestyles related to domesticated animals.
e. among farmers was better than among hunter-gatherers.
The earliest australopith fossils come from
a. South Africa
b. Asia
c. East Africa
d. North Africa
e. Europe
Ian Hodder’s approach to the origins of agriculture in Europe proposes that it entailed
a. the development of agriculture in the nuclear zone as people become increasingly
inclined to the idea of domestication.
b. an increasing emphasis on the human control and domination of nature, in response
to a combination with both natural and social mechanisms.
c. settlement of marginal areas due expanding human populations, leading to
domestication as people planted seed crops outside of their native range.
d. a fundamental shift in the worldview of people prior to the Neolithic revolution.
e. the need for people to produce a surplus to meet the demands of local kin leaders.
According to Partial Replacement Models, modern humans first appeared in Africa
a. and interbred with premodern populations of Eurasia, thus partially displacing them
b. and remained there until modern humans from Asia displaced them
c. about 500,000 years ago
d. but were later displaced by European Neandertals
e. and India, simultaneously.
Which of the following sites is NOT a candidate for the earliest occupation of the New
World?
a. Meadowcroft Rockshelter
b. Pedra Furada
c. Monte Verde
d. Beringia
e. Cactus Hill
Female primates
a. assume most of the responsibility for infant care
b. have the same nutritional requirements as males
c. use the same strategies as males for avoiding predators
d. spend almost one-half of their lives pregnant or lactating
e. are the same size as males
Where are Old World monkeys found?
a. Africa and northern Europe
b. Mexico and South America
c. Sub Saharan Africa, southern Asia, and northern Japan
d. India and southern Asia only
e. North America and Mexico
Two different Replacement Models have been proposed. They differ from each other
with respect to which of the following?
a. the anatomy of modern humans
b. the timing of the origin of modern humans
c. whether a speciation event caused the demise of Neandertals
d. the origin and dispersal of the first modern human populations
e. the use of DNA sequences in analyses
The fossil skeleton known as “Lucy” belongs to which species?
a. africanus
b. aethiopicus
c. habilis
d. boisei
e. afarensis
While many theorists stayed home and debated the merits of natural selection and the
likely course of human evolution, this young Dutch anatomist enlisted in the Dutch East
Indian Army, having decided to go find evidence of it.
a. Eugene Dubois
b. Franz Weidenreich
c. Louis Leakey
d. Raymond Dart
e. Richard Leakey
The Herto remains are
a. from South Africa
b. from the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia
c. considered to be modern Neandertal
d. considered to be Ardipithecus
e. the earliest European evidence of modern humans
Which of the following best defines a primary difference between the Indus Valley and
Egyptian civilizations?
a. the presence of extensive trade
b. the degree of evidence indicating a state level form of political organization
c. the importance of intensive agriculture
d. the degree of urbanization
e. the presence of irrigation agriculture
Which of the following factors is NOT used to support the Pacific Coastal Route
model?
a. the colonization of Australia by 40,000 ya.
b. the presence of early coastal sites in South America
c. the demonstrated presence of marine-adapted human populations in northeastern Asia
d. the relative lack of interior sites in North America
e. the technological capabilities of Late Pleistocene populations
Compared to Homo erectus, the cranium of the earliest premodern Homo sapiens
exhibit
a. a lower forehead
b. a more angled occipital region
c. a smaller average cranial capacity
d. a more rounded braincase
e. a less vertical nose
Human evolution
a. is not subject to the same factors that have produced other species
b. has been the result of cultural factors alone
c. is subject to the same forces that have acted upon other organisms
d. has not been influenced by cultural factors
e. is solely the result of cultural factors
Which of the following explanations may account for the urbanization of the Indus
Valley?
a. period of drought years
b. increased warfare
c. increased threat of flooding
d. the development of increasingly productive agricultural practices
e. unification under a single ruler
What is the term used to refer to the observable, physical expression of genotypes?
a. genotype
b. phenotype
c. phenotypic ratio
d. genotypic ratio
e. independent assortment
Speciation can occur as a result of all of the following except
a. geographic isolation
b. natural selection acting on populations
c. ecological separation
d. lack of differences in habitats
e. limited gene exchange
Reconstructing human technology and material culture as a means of generating
testable ideas about the past is known as:
a. experimental archaeology
b. processual archaeology
c. ethnoarchaeology
d. ethology
e. paleoanthropology
Where was Sahelanthropus discovered?
a. South Africa
b. East Africa
c. the Rift Valley
d. Central Africa
e. Asia
Primates are found primarily in tropical and semitropical habitats of the Old World and
North America.
Some of the late Eocene primates have been found in Asia.
3. Account for the evidence that suggests the Zhoukoudian was not a hominid
habitation site?
Answer:Will vary
Why do some researchers consider the Gran Dolina hominids to be a different species
from Homo erectus?
Answer:Will vary
Discuss the ideas of two individuals who significantly affected Darwin’s formulation of
the theory of natural selection.
Answer:Will vary
List and define the goals of archaeology.
Answer:Will vary
List five traits used to define the order Primates.
Answer:Will vary
Explain how two parents who do NOT express a particular trait in their phenotype can
nevertheless produce children who express the trait. Give an example of a specific trait
or disease where this could occur.
Answer:Will vary
Discuss the evidence that suggests modest interbreeding took place between
Neandertals and modern humans.
Answer:Will vary
In a sentence or two explain why the answer to the question, “Where did H. erectus first
appear?” is not simple.
Answer:Will vary
(pp. 229-230)
What is the Paleo-Indian period? What cultural features define this time period?
Answer:Will vary
Discuss the definition of fitness as it pertains to natural selection.
Answer:Will vary
What evidence indicates that the Bering Land Bridge model cannot explain the entirety
of the peopling of the New World?
Answer:Will vary
What is meant by the term “Neolithic Revolution”?
Answer:Will vary
Explain each of the subfields of anthropology and the importance of the four-field
approach.
Answer:Will vary
Discuss the effects of the population growth from the Industrial Revolution to the
present.
Answer:Will vary
Detail the development of civilization in Mesoamerica in ecologically diverse locations,
including the Olmec and the Aztec.
Answer:Will vary
What is the Holocene?
Answer:Will vary
Explain why Charles Lyell’s principle of uniformitarianism was important to Charles
Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace as they developed their theories of biological
evolution.
Answer:Will vary
Compare and contrast the environmental and cultural explanations used to explain the
development of civilization. What are the central principles of each approach? How
have these theories been applied to the development of civilization in Mesopotamia,
Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China?
Answer:Will vary