Preschoolers seem to use illogical reasoning
A)as a coping mechanism when they greatly fear failure.
B)whenever they are presented too little information to reason logically.
C)only when they must grapple with unfamiliar topics.
D)when adults pressure them to arrive at an answer quickly.
Which of the following statements about special interventions that help parents adjust to
life with a new baby is true?
A)For those who are not at high risk for problems, counselor-led parenting groups are
highly effective.
B)Counselor-led parent groups are highly effective for parents struggling with poverty.
C)Home visits do little to boost the effectiveness of programs for high-risk parents.
D)Most low-income single mothers do not benefit from training in effective coparenting.
Nine-year-old Simpson is emotionally understanding and empathetic. He probably
A)also has favorable social relationships and prosocial behavior.
B)is picked on by other children because he is “too sensitive.”
C)retreats from social situations for fear of being overwhelmed by the emotions of others.
D)cannot yet engage in perspective taking.
According to Piaget, a new form of egocentrism arises, in which adolescents have
difficulty distinguishing
A)the self from the surrounding world.
B)the self from the peer group.
C)subjective and objective aspects of experience.
D)their own and others’ perspectives.
When Erin and Brooke willingly comply, their parents are likely to be warm and gentle in
the future. This is an example of a(n) __________ influence between parents and their
children.
A)direct
B)coparenting
C)maladaptive
D)indirect
One major limitation of correlational studies is that
A)researchers alter the experiences of those studied.
B)researchers do not gather information about everyday life.
C)researchers cannot make inferences about cause and effect.
D)the results cannot be generalized to other people and settings.
Basic emotions
A)are not evident in nonhuman primates.
B)are all present at birth.
C)have no evolutionary history of promoting survival.
D)are universal in humans.
Dr. Zielke’s research shows that the death of a spouse in old age is correlated with a
decline in the surviving partner’s physical health. Which of the following conclusions is
supported by this study?
A)The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partner’s physical health.
B)The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partner’s physical health.
C)A decline in a surviving partner’s physical health can cause the death of a spouse.
D)A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partner’s decline in physical
health.
When children’s safety and security are at risk, it is adaptive for them to
A)reproduce early.
B)reproduce later.
C)fail to reproduce.
D)delay puberty.
Research shows that outcomes for sons are better when the
A)mother is the sole custodian.
B)parents equally split parenting time.
C)father has limited visitation.
D)father is the custodial parent.
Which of the following statements about observations of children conducted in the home
or laboratory is true?
A)In homes, observers find it easier to capture rare but important events.
B)Researchers can better control children’s experiences in the lab.
C)Fearful children tend to respond better in a lab setting than in their own homes.
D)Observations by researchers in the home or laboratory are usually more subjective than
parental reports.
Most children need help with __________ until about 9 years of age.
A)tooth brushing
B)flossing
C)properly using mouthwash
D)rinsing after tooth brushing
Neurons
A)store and transmit information.
B)are tightly packed together.
C)do not directly connect with each other.
D)that are stimulated too soon lose their synapses.
Which of the following students is using organization as a memory strategy?
A)Bruce, who groups explorers by country of origin
B)Jacob, who associates names of explorers with foods they remind him of
C)Samuel, who repeats the names of explorers several times
D)Levi, who creates a funny song that includes names of explorers