Ella has five good friends with whom she spends most of her time. This group of girls,
who resemble each other in family background, attitudes, and values, is called a
A)crowd.
B)clique.
C)club.
D)peer group.
The beginning of adolescence is marked by
A)reaching full adult height.
B)participation in economic life.
C)puberty.
D)secretion of growth hormone (GH).
At a parade, 3-year-old Kyle puts his fingers in his ears when he hears the fire trucks
coming down the street. Kyle is displaying
A)scaffolding.
B)situational empathy.
C)social problem solving.
D)emotional self-regulation.
Grace, a musically talented youngster, joins the school orchestra and practices her violin.
This is an example of a(n) __________ gene-environment correlation.
A)passive
B)evocative
C)active
D)dynamic
Studies using fMRI reveal that the right hemisphere is specialized for processing
information in a(n) __________ manner.
A)sequential
B)analytical
C)piece-by-piece
D)holistic, integrative
During adolescence, young people add a variety of __________ to their vocabularies.
A)abstract words
B)compound words
C)action words
D)modifiers
Cross-cultural research indicates that
A)the situations in which adults encourage various self-conscious emotions vary from
culture to culture.
B)in collectivist cultures, most children are taught to feel pride over personal achievement.
C)expressions of basic emotions differ widely from culture to culture, but expressions of
self-conscious emotions are universal.
D)in individualistic cultures, most children are taught to feel embarrassment over personal
achievement.
Zahara, age 3 months, is painfully thin. Her mother is too malnourished to produce enough
breast milk, and the supply of formula is inadequate for bottle-feeding. Zahara is probably
in danger of dying from
A)marasmus.
B)growth faltering.
C)kwashiorkor.
D)nonorganic failure to thrive.
Early contact with a baby in the period shortly after birth
A)guarantees immediate emotional closeness between the new parent and the newborn.
B)is vital for new fathers so they can bond with the baby.
C)may be one of several factors that help build a good parent-infant relationship.
D)is essential for bonding because birth-related hormones facilitate parental
responsiveness.
__________ is part of every logical operation.
A)Dynamic transformation
B)Irreversibility
C)Class inclusion
D)Reversibility
If they are typical of most children, then 7-year-old Julia is __________ 7-year-old David.
A)slightly shorter than
B)significantly taller than
C)slightly heavier than
D)the same height as
Which of the following statements about group differences in IQ scores of American
children is true?
A)American white children score, on average, 4 to 8 IQ points below American black
children.
B)American black children fall midway between white and Hispanic children in
average IQ score.
C)Although the difference in IQ scores between black and white children has been
shrinking over the past several decades, a substantial gap remains.
D)The difference in IQ scores between black and white children has grown significantly
over the past several decades.
A heritability estimate of .3 for activity level would indicate that differences in
__________ could explain _____ percent of the variation in activity level.
A)the environment; 30
B)heredity; 70
C)heredity; 30
D)the environment; 3
Female puberty usually begins with
A)menarche.
B)the budding of breasts.
C)the start of her growth spurt.
D)the appearance of pubic hair.
Daughters of mothers who took __________ showed unusually high rates of cancer of the
vagina, malformations of the uterus, and infertility as they reached adolescence and young
adulthood.
A)thalidomide
B)isotretinoin
C)diethylstilbestrol (DES)
D)aspirin
In Ms. Nancy’s preschool classroom, girls spend more time in the housekeeping, art, and
reading corners, while boys gather more often in the areas devoted to blocks,
woodworking, and active play. This conformity to these cultural stereotypes is known as
gender
A)typing.
B)identity.
C)segregation.
D)schema.
Mikkah is 8 years old and experiences nocturnal enuresis. His parents have decided against
any type of treatment, feeling that he will “outgrow it.” His parents should know that
A)treatment in middle childhood has immediate, positive psychological consequences.
B)enuresis is a lifelong condition and is not something that can be outgrown.
C)doing nothing is, in fact, the most effective treatment for enuresis.
D)without medical intervention, the condition can worsen and lead to other problems.
Research indicates that children who engage in activities such as __________ do better on
spatial tasks.
A)playing board games
B)sorting cards
C)doing crossword puzzles
D)building models