Research on the quality and extent of child care shows that
A)mother-child interaction is more favorable when children spend fewer hours in child
care.
B)most infants who are placed in full-time child care are insecurely attached.
C)full-time, but not part-time, work during the first year is detrimental to attachment
security.
D)even in high-quality settings, the amount of time spent in child care is related to
behavior problems.
Mrs. Noneman directs her children to each carry out an aspect of a task. Each child is
expected to work independently. Mrs. Noneman prefers a(n) __________ style of
communication.
A)collaborative
B)hierarchical
C)abstract
D)authoritarian
One limitation of microgenetic studies is that
A)participant dropout often distorts developmental trends.
B)they are difficult to carry out.
C)they often create ethical issues.
D)cohort effects often limit the generalizability of the findings.
Pediatricians test newborn reflexes carefully because reflexes can reveal
A)ineffective parenting.
B)the baby’s temperament.
C)a compromised circulatory system.
D)the health of the baby’s nervous system.
In Haylee’s preschool classroom, teachers provide activities in learning centers from which
children select, and much learning takes place through play. Haylee’s preschool is
A)actually a child-care center.
B)an academic program.
C)a child-centered program.
D)unlikely to foster school readiness.
African-American and Hispanic teenagers are believed to have more positive self-esteem
than Caucasian-American adolescents because they benefit from
A)appropriately demanding parents who set clear behavioral guidelines.
B)warm, extended families and ethnic pride.
C)authoritarian parenting and automatic peer acceptance.
D)the cultural values of modesty and support of the group.
Which of the following statements about otitis media is true?
A)Plastic tubes that drain the Eustachian tubes often are used to treat chronic otitis media
in children.
B)Compared with children remaining at home, otitis media occurs less often in children
who attend child-care centers.
C)Only about 20 percent of U.S. children have experienced three or more bouts of otitis
media.
D)The incidence of otitis media is greatest between 3 and 5 years.
Most efforts to impart health concepts to school-age children have __________ impact on
behavior.
A)no
B)little
C)a moderate
D)a significant
Which of the following statements about maternal employment is true?
A)Maternal employment often leads fathers to take on greater child-rearing
responsibilities.
B)Employed mothers who value their parenting role are more likely to use authoritarian
child rearing.
C)Children in dual-earner households devote less daily hours to doing homework.
D)Part-time employment is associated with poor child adjustment.
Teenagers in the United States have more free time than teenagers in Europe or East Asia.
The difference is due to
A)lower rates of maternal employment in the United States.
B)less demanding academic standards in the United States.
C)fewer public gathering places for adolescents in the United States.
D)greater flexibility in school hours in Europe and East Asia.
Children who live in the midst of constant danger, chaos, and deprivation,
A)gain flexible problem-solving skills which, in turn, leads to better coping.
B)have fewer anxieties than children with school phobias.
C)are at risk for long-term emotional distress and behavior problems.
D)have some short-term, but few long-term, emotional problems.
Bilingual children
A)develop denser white matter in areas of the right hemisphere.
B)gradually lose their first language.
C)outperform others on tests of selective attention.
D)often experience difficulties in reading achievement.
Suzanne responded to her daughter’s coming out positively. She is understanding and
accepting of the teenager’s same-sex romantic relationship. However, Suzanne is
concerned about her daughter’s self-acceptance. Suzanne should know that
A)coming out to family impedes a young person’s view of homosexuality as a valid and
fulfilling identity.
B)contact with other gay and lesbian peers can interfere with a young person’s
self-acceptance.
C)coming out to friends often brings a backlash that impedes many aspects of adolescent
development.
D)a key predictor of favorable adjustment for gay and lesbian youths is parental
understanding.
The most effective forms of discipline encourage good conduct by
A)building a mutually respectful bond with the child.
B)warning children that they will be punished if they act immaturely.
C)letting children know after the fact how to act.
D)combining firm intervention with a temporary withdrawal of affection.
The biological concept of __________ is central to Piaget’s theory.
A)reinforcement
B)adaptation
C)imitation
D)physical growth
Legibility of writing gradually increases as children
A)use larger, more uniform lettering.
B)produce more accurate letters with uniform height and spacing.
C)learn to make strokes with their entire arm.
D)learn to accurately integrate two-dimensional shapes.