Traditional classrooms have become increasingly pronounced as a result of the
A)trend towards magnet schools in poor neighborhoods.
B)FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education) Act.
C)U.S. No Child Left Behind Act.
D)Brown v. Board of Education decision.
Which of the following mothers is a good candidate for a home delivery?
A)Heather, a healthy 43-year-old who previously had a cesarean delivery
B)Helena, a first-time mom who wants to deliver her own baby unassisted
C)Donna, a fifth-time mom whose baby is in a breech position
D)Prudence, a 30-year-old second-time mom, assisted by a certified nurse-midwife
Which of the following statements about infantile amnesia is true?
A)Infantile amnesia is more common in females than males.
B)Most older children and adults cannot retrieve events that happened before age 3.
C)Infants’ memory processing is fundamentally different from that of adults.
D)During the first few years, children remember largely with verbal techniques.
According to the cognitive-developmental theory,
A)children’s gendered behavior comes before self-perceptions.
B)preschoolers acquire gender constancy and use it to guide their behavior.
C)preschoolers first acquire gender-typed responses through modeling.
D)children organize behaviors into gender-linked ideas about themselves.
Jalesa’s parents exercise general oversight of her activities while letting Jalesa take charge
of moment-by-moment decision making. Jalesa and her parents are engaging in
A)supervisory parenting.
B)authoritarian parenting.
C)mediation.
D)coregulation.
Anneli’s 4-year-old daughter manipulates sounds within words and enjoys rhyming games.
Anneli’s daughter is demonstrating
A)phonological awareness.
B)metacognition.
C)private speech.
D)knowledge of cardinality.
Evidence that there is a sensitive period for language development has been interpreted as
supporting __________ of language acquisition.
A)Skinner’s account
B)the sociocultural perspective
C)Chomsky’s account
D)an interactionist’s account
School transitions typically lead to environmental changes that fit poorly with adolescents’
developmental needs, including
A)disruption of close relationships with teachers at a time when adolescents need adult
support.
B)an emphasis on sophisticated academic collaboration during a period of heightened
self-focusing.
C)increased expectation for independent decision making before the child is ready to do
so.
D)lowered academic demands as students are sorted into academic and nonacademic
tracks.
As Milee transitions from middle childhood to adolescence, she will likely add several
new dimensions of self-evaluation, such as
A)athletic skill, academic competence, and moral understanding.
B)identity, autonomy, and initiative.
C)close friendship, romantic appeal, and job competence.
D)popularity, future aspirations, and spirituality.
Chomsky proposed that all children
A)have a language acquisition device (LAD) that contains a universal grammar.
B)acquire language through imitation and reinforcement.
C)rely on imitation to rapidly acquire complex utterances.
D)cue their caregivers to provide appropriate language experiences.
As many as 20 percent of low-SES children develop __________ as a result of repeated
middle ear infections.
A)cancer
B)otitis media
C)some hearing loss
D)minor brain damage
During the period of the fetus, the
A) developing organism increases rapidly in size.
B) most rapid prenatal changes take place.
C) heart begins to pump blood.
D) brain is formed.
Kelly, a pregnant 30-year-old, has contracted the most common parasitic infection. Kelly
has
A)rubella.
B)toxoplasmosis.
C)cytomegalovirus.
D)herpes simplex 2.
Because preschoolers have difficulty distinguishing between their desired and their actual
competence, they
A)tend to overestimate the difficulty of tasks.
B)suffer from a constant fluctuation in self-esteem.
C)usually rate their own ability as extremely high.
D)give up easily when faced with a challenging task.
Many infant test scores are labeled __________ quotients.
A)intelligence
B)developmental
C)emotional
D)cognitive
Fragile X syndrome
A)is an example of polygenic inheritance.
B)occurs when there is a sudden but permanent change in a segment of DNA.
C)is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability.
D)occurs more often in females than males because the disorder is X-linked.
Dr. Brown observes behavior in a laboratory, where conditions are the same for all
participants. This is an example of
A)the clinical, or case study, method.
B)structured observation.
C)naturalistic observation.
D)ethnography.
Which of the following subjects are children most likely to regard as more for girls?
A)mathematics
B)physical education
C)language arts
D)science