Nearly _____ percent of American working women are caregivers for aging parents.
A) 5
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25
Throughout elementary and secondary school, __________ predicts academic success.
A) learned helplessness
B) metacognitive awareness
C) self-regulation
D) interpersonal intelligence
Which of the following statements about cognitive development in early adulthood is
true?
A) Pruning of synapses, along with growth and myelination of stimulated neural fibers,
progresses at a faster pace in early adulthood than in adolescence.
B) Slowing of the cognitive system first becomes evident around age 25.
C) For young adults who do not attend college, cognitive growth is unlikely.
D) The cognitive changes of early adulthood are supported by further development of
the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex.
Which of the following statements about the obesity epidemic is true?
A) Obesity-related medical coverage in government-sponsored health insurance
programs for low-income families could help combat the obesity epidemic.
B) In the United States, obesity is responsible for around $150 million in health
expenditures per year.
C) The United States mandates prominent posting of the calorie, sugar, and fat content
of all foods sold in restaurants, movie theaters, and convenience stores.
D) Obesity is responsible for around 30,000 premature deaths per year in the United
States alone.
Some responses, such as __________, are very difficult to classically condition in
young babies because they do not yet have the motor skills needed to deal appropriately
with stimuli.
A) contentment
B) fear
C) hunger
D) sucking
__________ is the least developed of a newborn baby’s senses.
A) Taste
B) Sound
C) Vision
D) Touch
When Mr. Wellenkamp’s wife died, he responded with intense physical and
psychological distress. He was experiencing
A) bereavement.
B) grief.
C) mourning.
D) morbidity.
Joan, who does not like being scared, decides not to see a horror film with her friends.
Joan is using
A) emotional contagion.
B) self-conscious emotions.
C) basic emotions.
D) emotional self-regulation.
Sharon’s 46-year-old husband suffered a traumatic brain injury in an automobile
accident. What information about brain plasticity can you provide to Sharon?
A) Brain plasticity is restricted to early childhood, when the brain is forming many new
synapses.
B) At older ages, specialized brain structures are in place, and after injury they cannot
reorganize.
C) The adult brain can produce a small number of new neurons and generate new
synapses.
D) Adults with brain injuries rarely show deficits in spatial skills, even if language
development is impaired.
Seven-year-old Adea is asked to evaluate evidence about a hypothesis. She will
probably
A) be able to inhibit well-learned knowledge.
B) do as well as an adult if the researcher motivates her with candy.
C) be able to use propositional thought.
D) deal with only one or two possible variables and be unable to deal with three or
more.
Children who believe in the changeability of human attributes
A) show more in-group favoritism.
B) spend more time volunteering to help the needy.
C) show high levels of prejudice in their behavior.
D) often judge others as either “good” or “bad.”
Overall stability of temperament is
A) very low.
B) only low to moderate.
C) generally moderate to high.
D) very high.
Between 12 and 18 months, toddlers first become capable of
A) intermodal perception.
B) an internal working model.
C) compliance.
D) goodness of fit.
On hypothetical dilemmas as well as everyday moral problems, adolescent and adult
females
A) display reasoning at the same stage as their male agemates and often at a higher
stage.
B) are more likely than males to focus on themes of justice.
C) display reasoning at a lower stage than their male agemates.
D) focus on themes of both justice and caring, while males focus only on themes of
justice.
In a naturalistic observation, the investigator
A) sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest.
B) goes into the field and records the behavior of interest.
C) uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participant’s point of view.
D) asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way.
Which of the following teens is likely to have the most stable moods?
A) 13-year-old Tya
B) 14-year-old Grace
C) 16-year-old Tyler
D) 19-year-old Jesse
Verbal IQ usually begins to decline in the
A) twenties.
B) forties.
C) sixties.
D) eighties.
Trace, age 72, is most likely to
A) relocate to live closer to his children.
B) move to a more temperate climate.
C) remain living in or near his home.
D) relocate to a place to pursue leisure interests.
Which of the following statements about the impact or prevention of sexual coercion is
true?
A) Gender stereotyping and gender inequality have little impact on societal acceptance
of sexual coercion.
B) Most child witnesses to parental violence become involved in abusive relationships
as adults.
C) In some U.S. states, a woman legally cannot rape a man.
D) Victims of rate and other sexual crimes report fewer symptoms of illness across
almost all body systems.
Doctors practicing in regions where assisted suicide is legal should make sure which of
the following conditions is met before engaging in it?
A) The patient lives in an area with limited or no access to palliative care.
B) The patient’s financial pressures are too great to continue a course of treatment.
C) Both the patient and a health-care proxy must give written consent for the practice.
D) The patient has full decision-making capacity and requests assisted suicide
voluntarily.
Neighborhoods have a(n) __________ impact on economically disadvantaged than
well-to-do young people.
A) similar
B) opposite
C) more negative
D) greater
Children acquire motor skills
A) on a fixed maturational timetable.
B) in highly individual ways.
C) with a highly predictable rate of progress.
D) as a series of unrelated accomplishments.
Which of the following individuals is the most likely to be able to discriminate
individual faces of both humans and monkeys equally well?
A) Jake, a 6-month-old
B) Monica, an 18-month-old
C) Bartholomew, a 6-year-old
D) Jade, an 18-year-old
Veronica has the ability to understand her friends’ emotional state and respond
emotionally in a similar way. Veronica is displaying
A) an internal working model.
B) a self-conscious emotion.
C) a categorical self.
D) empathy.
U.S. government surveys following 9,000 U.S. college-educated workers for a decade
revealed that a year after receiving their bachelor’s degree, women earned __________
as much as men.
A) about 70 percent
B) about 80 percent
C) about 90 percent
D) nearly
Both identity __________ and __________ are psychologically healthy routes to
mature self-definition.
A) moratorium; foreclosure
B) achievement; diffusion
C) moratorium; achievement
D) foreclosure; diffusion
Family and friends can help a dieter by
A) keeping track of what the dieter eats and noting when he or she goes off the diet.
B) pointing out how the extra weight prevents many people from leading an active
lifestyle.
C) avoiding discussions of food and limiting social events that revolve around eating.
D) offering encouragement and helping foster the dieter’s self-esteem and self-efficacy.
When Mr. Bergman’s wife died, his family members and friends dressed in black,
attended a funeral, and participated in a burial service. Mr. Bergman covered all of the
mirrors in his house with a black cloth. He was experiencing
A) bereavement.
B) grief.
C) mourning.
D) morbidity.
Which of the following statements about sex differences in spatial abilities is true?
A) Experience contributes to females’ superior spatial performance.
B) Sex differences in spatial abilities emerge as early as the first few months of life.
C) One explanation is that heredity enhances left-hemispheric functioning.
D) Girls spend far more time than boys in play involving manipulative activities.
Children whose mothers enjoy their work outside the home and remain committed to
parenting __________ than children of stay-at-home mothers.
A) are more popular
B) get better grades in school
C) display more advanced moral reasoning
D) display more gender-stereotyped beliefs
The changes involved in women’s fertility decline occur gradually over a 10-year
period, during which
A) the production of estrogen drops.
B) the production of estrogen increases.
C) monthly cycles gradually increase in length until menstruation stops altogether.
D) menstrual cycles become irregular and the reproductive organs increase in size.