_____ motor skills are skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as moving one’s
arms and walking.
A. Fine
B. Gross
C. Learned
D. Major
Answer:
Tracy’s parents are avid sports fans. Since she was a child, they took her to numerous
baseball and football games, and Tracy regularly watched the sports channel with her
dad. When she was old enough, her parents made her join the little league team at her
school and she performed well. This is an example of a(n):
A.evocative genotype-environment correlation.
B.active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlation.
C.passive genotype-environment correlation.
D.gene-gene correlation.
Answer:
The belief that children should be encouraged to explore their world, and discover
knowledge with the guidance and support of teachers is central to the _____ approach
to learning.
A.constructivist
B.social cognitive
C.direct instruction
D.collaborative
Answer:
Theodore Wachs proposed ways that linkages between temperament in childhood and
personality in adulthood might vary depending on the:
A.genetic makeup of the individual.
B.intervening contexts in individuals’ experience.
C.age at which the child exhibited the personality trait.
D.brain development of the individual.
Answer:
Amira is concerned about putting her baby on his stomach to sleep because of the risk
that he might stop breathing, usually during the night, and die suddenly without an
apparent cause. In other words, she is concerned about _____.
A. shaken baby syndrome
B. sudden infant death syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. marasmus
Answer:
Which of the following hormones is an androgen?
A.Testosterone
B.Progesterone
C.Estradiol
D.Insulin
Answer:
Piaget concluded that the changes in moral reasoning in children come about through:
A.authoritative parent-child relations.
B.religious and social conditioning.
C.the children’s family experiences.
D.the mutual give-and-take of peer relations.
Answer:
Today’s college students are _____ than students in previous generations, according to a
national study of more than 165,000 freshmen at more than 230 colleges and
universities.
A.more depressed
B.less depressed
C.less mentally exhausted
D.less stressed
Answer:
Ethel is 50 years old but appears much more aged. Most of Ethel’s relatives have not
lived past the age of 60. Which of the following genes are responsible for the
accelerated aging that is observed in Ethel and her family members?
A. Susceptibility genes
B. Longevity genes
C. Vulnerability genes
D. Mutated genes
Answer:
Jerome, 6, and Hani, 10, get up early on Saturday morning and decide to make
“breakfast in bed” for their mother. While reaching for the bed tray in the back of the
hall cabinet, they accidentally break one of their mother’s favorite porcelain dolls.
Jerome knows that he’s going to get into “big trouble”. Hani tells him not to worry
because Mom would understand that it was an accident. In what stage would Jean
Piaget categorize the moral reasoning of Jerome and Hani?
A.Jeromeautonomous morality; Haniheteronomous morality
B.Jeromeheteronomous morality; Haniautonomous morality
C.Jeromeuniversal law morality; Hanicontext-specific morality
D.Jeromecontext-specific morality; Haniuniversal law morality
Answer:
Approximately what percentage of an infant’s sleep is REM sleep?
A.50 percent
B.25 percent
C.5 percent
D.75 percent
Answer:
A recent study reported by Lachman and others revealed that older adults with less
education had _____ than those with more education.
A.lower interpersonal skills
B.lower cognitive abilities
C.higher incidence of mental disorders
D.higher distractibility
Answer:
Recent studies have led researchers to conclude that the emotional life of older adults is
more _____ than once thought.
A.negative
B.positive
C.depressed
D.flat
Answer:
The most common infant sleep-related problem reported by parents is _____.
A. nighttime waking
B. sleepwalking
C. sudden infant death syndrome
D. choking
Answer:
Felicia is an American between 65 and 74 years of age. Her doctor should be most
concerned about her developing _____, the leading cause of death for her age group.
A.cancer
B.influenza
C.lung disease
D.cardiovascular disease
Answer:
Which of the following technologies, a measure of the brain’s electrical activity, have
researchers been able to use successfully to learn about the brain’s development in
infancy?
A. Positron-emission tomography (PET) scans
B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C. Brain electron sampling (BES)
D. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Answer:
Lillette, 9, has been diagnosed with _____, a cancer in which the bone marrow
manufactures an abundance of abnormal white blood cells, which crowd out normal
cells, making her susceptible to bruising and infection.
A.neuroblastoma
B.lymphosarcoma
C.leukemia
D.clear cell sarcoma
Answer:
Which of the following is the term that most researchers use to describe crisis?
A.Foreclosure
B.Exploration
C.Moratorium
D.Commitment
Answer:
The brain messenger chemical _____ plays an important role in memory.
A.serotonin
B.acetylcholine
C.noradrenaline
D.oxytocin
Answer:
The birth process occurs in _____ stages.
A.three
B.two
C.four
D.five
Answer:
Carol Gilligan has criticized Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
because:
A.it is based on a male norm that puts abstract principles above relationships.
B.it does not recognize higher-level moral reasoning in certain cultural groups.
C.Kohlberg underestimated the contribution of family relationships to moral
development.
D.it places too much emphasis on moral thought and not enough emphasis on moral
behavior.
Answer:
Why do more researchers think that birth order influences on child development have
been emphasized too strongly?
A.There are no clear patterns of birth order influences on personality.
B.With continued study on birth order influences, the findings are bound to create
self-fulfilling prophecies that will perpetuate birth-order.
C.The pattern of birth order influences that scientists describe are largely speculation
and are not based on evidence.
D.Birth order itself shows limited ability to predict behavior when all the factors that
influence behavior are considered.
Answer:
A person with _____ does not feel well, loses stamina easily, has a poor appetite, and is
listless and unmotivated.
A.obsessive compulsive disorder
B.schizophrenia
C.dementia
D.major depression
Answer:
When put on the floor to play, baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held. When her
mother picks her up though, Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head
away. Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is:
A.securely attached.
B.insecure avoidant.
C.insecure resistant.
D.insecure disorganized.
Answer:
Which of the following is cited as one of the main reasons for the changing trajectories
in knowledge-related and emotion-related goals of older adults compared with younger
adults?
A.Perception of time
B.State of health
C.Self-esteem and self-respect
D.Social support or the lack of it
Answer:
Over the past week, Walter has been trying to learn to tie his shoelaces. Initially, his
mother held his hands and worked his fingers through the process. Now that Walter is
better at it, she only guides him verbally. Which of the following is this an example of?
A. How heredity shapes cognitive development
B. Intuitive reasoning
C. Scaffolding
D. Conservation
Answer:
According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, individuals are motivated by two
types of goalsemotional and _____.
A.spiritual
B.practical
C.relational
D.knowledge-related
Answer:
According to a longitudinal study by Jerald Bachman and his colleagues, by the time
individuals reach their mid-twenties, _____ their use of alcohol and drugs.
A.many would have reduced
B.most would have increased
C.almost all would have ceased
D.most would have been addicted to
Answer:
Researchers have found that infant fear is linked to all of the following at 6 to 7 years of
age EXCEPT:
A.guilt.
B.empathy.
C.high aggression.
D.low aggression.
Answer:
What does a very low score on the Brazelton National Behavioral Assessment Scale
(NBAS) indicate?
A. Neurological problems
B. Heart problems
C. High pressure
D. Low respiratory capacity
Answer:
Clark’s genotype contains a dominant gene for brown eye color and recessive gene for
blue eye color. According to the dominant-recessive gene principle, which of the
following phenotypes is most likely to be observed in Clark?
A.black eyes
B.blue eyes
C.grey eyes
D.brown eyes
Answer:
The abstract quality of thinking during the _____ stage is evident in the adolescent’s
verbal problem-solving ability.
A.passive operational
B.concrete operational
C.formal operational
D.conventional reasoning
Answer:
On average, body fat accounts for about _____ of body weight in middle age.
A.5 percent
B.10 percent
C.20 percent
D.15 percent
Answer:
A recent national survey revealed that 63 percent of adults _____ had a hearing loss
defined as an inability to hear sounds at frequencies higher than 25 dB with their better
ear.
A.70 years and older
B.65 years and older
C.105 years and older
D.100 years and older
Answer:
Identity _____ is James Marcia’s term for the status of adolescents who are in the midst
of a crisis, and whose commitment levels are either absent or only vaguely defined.
A.confusion
B.stagnation
C.diffusion
D.moratorium
Answer: