Taking college courses
A)has no measurable impact on formal operational reasoning.
B)leads to improvements in formal operational reasoning on all kinds of tasks.
C)leads to improvements in formal reasoning related to course content.
D)improves propositional thought but not hypothetico-deductive reasoning.
In a series of studies using the violation-of-expectation method, Renée Baillargeon and her
collaborators claimed to have found evidence for __________ in the first few months of
life.
A)assimilation
B)mental representation
C)object permanence
D)equilibrium
Baby Manny discovered how to use a stick to get toys that were out of reach. According
to Piaget, Manny’s behavior would best be described as a
A)tertiary circular reaction.
B)secondary circular reaction.
C)primary circular reaction.
D)reflexive scheme.
Which of the following statements about romantic ties in emerging adulthood is true?
A)Married couples are disadvantaged in physical and mental health but are more
financially secure.
B)Emerging adults in ongoing relationships report less satisfying than those who engage in
emotionally uninvolved, casual sex.
C)Emotionally indifferent sexual relationships tend to be associated with other forms of
risk-taking.
D)The majority of emerging adults have more than one sexual partner over the course of a
year.
Sisters Hillary and Jennica are taller and heavier than their mother was at their age. This is
an example of
A)a generative effect.
B)malocclusion.
C)a secular trend.
D)evolutionary adaptation.
Four-year-old Jack is a snack helper. He counts five children at his table and then
retrieves five milk cartons. Jack is displaying an understanding of
A)ordinality.
B)functionality.
C)estimation.
D)cardinality.
In her third trimester, Alicia’s doctor informed her that the placenta was covering the
cervical opening. Alicia’s condition is known as
A)toxemia.
B)placenta previa.
C)placenta abruptio.
D)toxoplasmosis.
Which of the following teens is likely to have the most stable moods?
A)13-year-old Tya
B)14-year-old Leah
C)16-year-old Tyler
D)19-year-old Jesse
By the end of the school years, most children
A)dismiss most gender stereotypes.
B)regard gender typing as socially rather than biologically influenced.
C)are open-minded about violations of all gender roles.
D)are rigid in their view of what females can do.
Which of the following statements is supported by research on school recess?
A)Distributing cognitively demanding tasks over a longer time by introducing regular
breaks enhances attention and performance.
B)Extra time for academics translates into achievement gains in children as young as age
6.
C)Recess benefits children the most when adult supervisors organize and direct play
activities.
D)Teacher ratings of classroom disruptive behavior increase for children who have more
than 15 minutes of recess a day.
Follow-up research on infant cognitive development suggests that mastery of object
permanence
A)is present in newborns.
B)is not possible until toddlerhood.
C)is a gradual achievement.
D)develops suddenly, at around 4 months.
The ultimate responsibility for the ethical integrity of research with children lies with the
A)investigator.
B)institutional review board (IRB).
C)child.
D)child’s parents.
__________ is vital for successful peer relationships and overall mental health.
A)Individualism
B)Emotional competence
C)Collectivism
D)Mental representation
Newborn babies
A)see nearby objects most clearly.
B)see unclearly across a wide range of distances.
C)cannot detect human faces.
D)have finely attuned visual acuity.