Durkheim explained that the use of symbols is universal because they are essential in
A.the expression and maintenance of a revered system of values in a society.
B.the process of myth making.
C.the practice of religion.
D.the ability to differentiate binary oppositions.
What are ways that the traditional Oaxacan Days of the Dead festivities have evolved
over time?
A.The Catholic church has tried to endorse the non-religious traditions associated with
Days of the Dead
B.The reciprocal economy associated with the holiday has evolved to become slightly
more amenable to consumer capitalism, though this evolution is very slight.
C.Rapid population growth
D.All of the above
Conversion to a new religion brings up all of the following social/group related issues
EXCEPT:
A.Socializing the new convert
B.Personal questioning of the decision to convert
C.Establishing authenticity of the conversion
D.Structures of internal support for new converts
All of the following are parameters that are generally specific henna tattooing in
Morocco EXCEPT:
A.Henna tattooing all over the world maintains the same cultural parameters as in
Morocco.
B.Permanently tattoo is religiously disapproved of and has generally fallen out of vogue
though it is still practiced as a health/therapeutic or anti-therapeutic ritual.
C.Henna tattoos are applied to the hands and feet because these are the only areas
visible when women wear the long jellaba.
D.Apart from the ritualistic context of marriage ceremonies where men’s hands are
dipped in henna, henna tattooing and adornment is only practiced on women.
How does Max Weber characterize the “prophet”?
A.The prophet is one of the select few religious heretics that ever gained public support.
B.The prophet is the “impatient priest” who divines a “better path” to spiritual
communion.
C.The prophet is distinguished by a personal callthe claim to authority is based upon
divine revelation and charisma.
D.The prophet serves as a reinforcement or revitalization of community stability.
In Muslim culture, veiling is a significant social institution and mechanism
A.in the service of patriarchy.
B.of liberation for Muslim women.
C.both in the service of and the subversion of the patriarchal system.
D.of matriarchal control over daughters.
Harris noted that the types of spirit beings found in pre-state societies
A.differ dramatically from the types of spirit beings found in modern religions.
B.were considered to be more personal than modern deities.
C.have their analogues or exact prototypes in modern religions.
D.were based entirely upon superstition.
___________ is a classified by Wallace as a salvation ritual whereas ____________ is
classified as an ideological ritual
A.Taboo; mystic experiences
B.Sprit possession; rites of passage
C.Taboo, rites of intensification
D.Rites of rebellion; rites of passage
Myerhoff concludes by suggesting that “paradox is the very quick of ritual,” meaning
that
A.reversals portray differentiation and continuity at the same time.
B.all rituals must involve a paradox.
C.rituals depend on a negotiation between two seemingly opposite planes of existence.
D.that reversals underpin all rituals.
The hierarchy of the Nyoro first family mirrors existing social relations in that
A.the youngest son assumes the role of inheritor and ruler.
B.the oldest son becomes a trusted advisor to the youngest.
C.the status of each son in based solely on personal merit.
D.at birth, all siblings are considered equal.
“Breaking the talk” is how the Kabana refer to
A.cutting through the conjecture and gossip about why a person has been sorcerized
and by whom.
B.the failure of negotiations between conflicting parties culminating in physical
violence.
C.the escalation of “pre-sorcery” sanctions and the final decision to sorcerize.
D.breaches of moral and social obligations.
Ordinary human consciousness without deliberate alteration include:
A.Sleep and dreaming
B.Relaxation
C.Attentiveness
D.All of the above
Faith-based courses taught in association with Lawtey include:
A.GED courses that use the Bible to teach reading
B.Anger and addiction management
C.”recovering” form homosexuality support groups
D.All of the above
To Wolf, the symbol of the Guadalupe is particularly interesting to study because
A.it stands for a large variety of meanings and interpretations.
B.it plays a significant role in a wide range of social relationships in Mexican society.
C.it shows a rich history of evolution from its traditional meanings.
D.it distinguishes traditional Indian beliefs from new teachings brought to Mexico by
the Spanish.
Religious conversion for social reasons in modern Denmark
A.has decreased with more conservative Rabbis
B.can be as successful as conversion for spiritual reasons
C.still is a hotly contested and debated socio-political issue
D.All of the above
According to Kenyon’s research on “zar” possessions in Sudan, all of the following
demographics show presence of “zar” beliefs or practices EXCEPT:
A.Non-Muslims living in Southern and Western regions
B.Muslims living in Southern and Western regions
C.Widespread Rural populations
D.None of the above
Turner notes that the roles of “diviner” and “doctor” are most often
A.combined into a single recognized position of healer among food-producing
societies.
B.specialized and performed by different individuals.
C.stratified by a hierarchy of religious specialists in any society.
D.combined into a single recognized position of healer among food-gathering societies.
All of the following are important in anthropological studies of religious leaders
EXCEPT:
A.Understanding the structure, society, and supernatural world of the studied
culture/group.
B.Understanding weather or not the tasks performed by religious specialists are
religious.
C.Understanding how religious leaders are identified or designated.
D.Understanding the exact procedure of rituals/tasks that the religious leader carries
out.
At which two events in a woman’s life is Baraka practiced and why?
A.Before marriage consummation and before delivery of children, because the woman
must be pure for these two events.
B.At menarche and before marriage consummation to purify women’s bodily fluids.
C.Before marriage consummation and before delivery of children, because these two
moments mark when women, and their sexuality specifically, can become pollutants to
society and women must come to terms with this loss of purity and power.
D.At menarche and before marriage consummation, because these two moments mark
when women, and their sexuality specifically, can become pollutants to society and
women must come to terms with this loss of purity and power.
All of the following would be described by Foster as Personalistic Etiologies EXCEPT:
A.Intrusion from an outside force
B.Curse
C.Conditions such as cold, wetness, or wind
D.Taboo
The “upper room” is
A.a higher state of being that can be achieved through the application of Rastafarian
principles.
B.the second story of Nigel’s house where the brethren gather to reason.
C.the “head space” of all who are slaves to Babylon.
D.a term used to refer to the “establishment.”
According to Myerhoff, the reversals which occur in Wirikuta are not expressed
through
A.naming.
B.emotional states.
C.interpersonal and ritual behavior.
D.relationships between the physical and spiritual world.
Vitebsky uses the examples of the Iglulik Inuit and the Sora to show
A.how shamanism has evolved since prehistoric times.
B.the ways in which the shaman is viewed as a deity to the local people and plays a role
outside the social structure.
C.the vast differences in shamanism around the world.
D.the public role of the shaman and the way his/her role is embedded in the local social
structure.
All of the following are ways that Japanese diagnosis of brain death and the decision to
harvest organs differ from North America and Western Europe EXCEPT:
A.The wishes of family can override the wishes of the brain dead individual
B.Organ donation is less widely accepted and is not assumed as a norm or the right
thing to do
C.The family of the brain dead individual is not bothered as much
D.Physicians are not required to bring up the issue of organ donation
In the participant’s point of view, witchcraft is
A.a relatively new neo-Pagan tradition collectively generated in the post-modern era.
B.a re-emergence and continuation of the most ancient of religious traditions: earth
worship through the figure of the Goddess.
C.an old tradition traceable to the Nordic Volva religion that flourished in Europe in the
ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries.
D.an invented religion based on the tales of King Arthur and Guinevere, among other
European folk tales.
A warring attitude implies that
A.violence is an inherent human trait.
B.peace can never be achieved among groups with vastly conflicting ideologies.
C.the one who holds it will take whatever measures necessary to defend the sovereignty
of its country.
D.the one who holds it believes compromise is impossible or does not want an
accommodating solution in the first place.
All of the following are signs that the researcher is attaining an ever-increasing
understanding discussed by Wagner EXCEPT:
A.Ability to participate in the culture’s activities with greater ease.
B.Actions of the culture seem “normal” when compared to actions of the researcher’s
native culture.
C.Ability to explain cultural phenomena in both emic (native) and etic (outsider) terms.
D.Actions of the culture’s actors become predictable.
Spirits represented in the “zar” assembly of spirits are:
A.Derewish (male, sufi leaders), Azikha (female mediums of spiritual power),
Khawajat (male, light skinned traders), Habbashi (male, Abbyssinians/Ethiopians),
Ziruq (male, tribal peoples to the west and south), Zar of the Arabs (male, Muslim
pastoral nomads, spirits and humans), and al-Sittat (female spirits from all of the other
boats).
B.Derewish (fimale, sufi leaders), Pashawat (female, Egyptian and Turk
administrators), Khawajat (female, light skinned traders), Habbashi (female,
Abbyssinians/Ethiopians), Ziruq (female, tribal peoples to the west and south), Zar of
the Arabs (female, Muslim pastoral nomads, spirits and humans), and al-Sittat (male
spirits from all of the other boats).
C.Derewish (male, sufi leaders), Pashawat (male Egyptian and Turk administrators),
Khawajat (male, light skinned traders), Habbashi (male, Abbyssinians/Ethiopians),
Ziruq (male, tribal peoples to the west and south), Zar of the Arabs (male, Muslim
pastoral nomads, spirits and humans), and al-Sittat (female spirits from all of the other
boats).
D.Derewish (male, sufi leaders), Pashawat (male Egyptian and Turk administrators),
Khawajat (male, light skinned traders), Habbashi (male, Abbyssinians/Ethiopians),
Ziruq (amimal spirits of spiritual power), Zar of the Arabs (male, Muslim pastoral
nomads, spirits and humans), and al-Sittat (female spirits from all of the other boats).
Which deity from another Asian religion became the primary deity of the Aum
Shinrikyo movement?
A.Siddhartha
B.Shiva
C.Vishnu
D.Shoko Asahara
Witches and sorcerers are
A.terms that are used interchangeably in anthropology to refer to those who manipulate
supernatural forces to do harm to others.
B.essentially the same except that witches tend to be female, while sorcery is an
exclusively male profession; therefore, both roles are often represented in preliterate
societies.
C.increasingly being differentiated in the field of anthropology on the basis of the
source of their power and their physical and social associations.
D.universally understood as harbingers of misfortune and evil.