Thermodynamics can be used to determine all of the following EXCEPT
A.the temperature at which a reaction is spontaneous.
B.the extent to which a reaction occurs.
C.the direction in which a reaction is spontaneous.
D.the rate of reaction.
E.the entropy change of a reaction.
The osmotic pressure of blood is 7.65 atm at 37 C. What mass of glucose (C6H12O6,
molar mass = 180.2 g/mol) is needed to prepare 2.25 L of solution for intravenous
injection? The osmotic pressure of the glucose solution must equal the osmotic pressure
of blood. (R = 0.08206 Latm/molK)
A.0.676 g
B.0.698 g
C.5.67 g
D.122 g
E.1.02 103 g
The equilibrium constant (Kc) for the following reaction is 6.7 10“10 at 630 C.
N2(s) + O2(g) 2 NO(g)
What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction below at the same temperature?
1/2 N2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) NO(g)
A.4.5 10-19
B.3.4 10-10
C.1.3 10-9
D.1.8 10-5
E.2.6 10-5
Calculate DrG for the combustion of benzene at 325 K.
2 C6H6( ) + 15 O2(g) 12 CO2(g) + 6 H2O( )
Species DfH (kJ/mol) S (J/Kmol)
C6H6( ) 49.0 173.3
O2(g) 0 205.1
CO2(g) “393.5 213.7
H2O( ) “285.8 67.0
A.”6386 kJ/mol-rxn
B.”6078 kJ/mol-rxn
C.”7251 kJ/mol-rxn
D.”8611 kJ/mol-rxn
E.+1431 kJ/mol-rxn
Nitroglycerin decomposes violently according to the balanced chemical equation below.
2 C3H5(NO3)3( ) 3 N2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) + 6 CO2(g) + 5 H2O(g)
Which of the following statements concerning this reaction is/are CORRECT?
1/ Two moles of nitroglycerine will produce three moles of nitrogen and five moles of
water.
2/ Four molecules of nitroglycerine will produced one molecule of oxygen and twelve
molecules of carbon dioxide.
3/ Six grams of nitroglycerine will produce nine grams of nitrogen and fifteen grams of
water.
A.1 only
B.2 only
C.3 only
D.1 and 2
E.1, 2, and 3
How are the exponents in a rate law determined?
A.They are equal to the inverse of the coefficients in the overall balanced chemical
equation.
B.They are determined by experimentation.
C.They are equal to the coefficients in the overall balanced chemical equation.
D.They are equal to the reactant concentrations.
E.They are equal to the ln(2) divided by the rate constant.
Diagram 9-1
The molecular orbital diagram below may be used for the following problem(s). For
oxygen and fluorine, the s2p orbital should be lower in energy than the p2p. However,
the diagram will still yield correct bond order and magnetic behavior for these
molecules.
Energy ________ s*2p
________ ________ p*2p
________ s2p
________ ________ p2p
________ s*2s
________ s2s
________ s*1s
________ s1s
Refer to Diagram 9-1. Assuming that the molecular orbital energy diagram for a
homonuclear diatomic molecule applies to a heteronuclear diatomic molecule,
determine which of the following species has the highest bond order.
A.NO“
B.OF“
C.C2
D.O2
2″
E.NO+
Calculate the energy in the form of heat (in kJ) required to convert 325 grams of liquid
water at 20.0 C to steam at 115 C. Assume that no energy in the form of heat is
transferred to the environment. (Heat of fusion = 333 J/g; heat of vaporization = 2256
J/g; specific heat capacities: liquid water = 4.184 J/gK, steam = 1.92 J/gK)
A.129 kJ
B.121 kJ
C.851 kJ
D.914 kJ
E.735 kJ
Which two nuclei are the two fissionable isotopes most commonly used in nuclear
reactors?
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
E. and
The solubility of PbI2 in water is 0.62 g in 1.0 L of water at 25 C. What is the value of
Ksp for PbI2?
A.8.4 10“10
B.2.4 10“9
C.9.7 10“9
D.1.8 10“6
E.0.95
Which of the following elements is an s-block element?
A.C
B.Cd
C.Cs
D.Ce
E.Cf
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
1/ Chemical reactions result in the gain, loss, or rearrangement of valence electrons.
2/ For main group elements, the number of valence electrons equals eight minus the
element’s group number.
3/ Core electrons are not involved in bonding or in chemical reactions.
A.1 only
B.2 only
C.3 only
D.1 and 3
E.1, 2, and 3
Use the standard reduction potentials below to determine which element or ion is the
best reducing agent.
NO3
“(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 3 e“ NO(g) + 2 H2O( ) E = +0.955 V
Pd2+(aq) + 2 e“ Pd(s) E = +0.90 V
2 H+(aq) + 2 e“ H2(g) E = 0.00 V
A.Pd2+(aq)
B.Pd(s)
C.H+(aq)
D.H2(g)
E.NO3
“(aq)
Calculate for the electrochemical cell below,
Pb(s) |PbCl2(s) | Cl“(aq, 1.0 M) || Fe3+(aq, 1.0 M), Fe2+(aq, 1.0 M) | Pt(s)
given the following reduction half-reactions.
Pb2+(aq) + 2 e“ Pb(s) E = “0.126 V
PbCl2(s) + 2 e“ Pb(s) + 2 Cl“(aq) E = “0.267 V
Fe3+(aq) + e“ Fe2+(aq) E = +0.771 V
Fe2+(aq) + e“ Fe(s) E = “0.44 V
A.”0.504 V
B.”0.062 V
C.+0.504 V
D.+1.038 V
E.+1.604 V
What is the ground state electron configuration for Cr3+?
A.[Ar]
B.[Ar]3d74s2
C.[Ar]3d14s2
D.[Ar]3d24s1
E.[Ar]3d3
Which of the following molecules or ions are isoelectronic: SO3, NF3, NO3
“, CO3
2″?
A.SO3 and NF3
B.NF3 and CO3
2″
C.SO3, NF3 and CO3
2″
D.SO3, NO3
“ and CO3
2″
E.SO3, NF3, NO3
“, and CO3
2″
Three possible structures of C2H2Cl2 are shown below. Which of these molecules are
polar?
A.1 only
B.2 only
C.3 only
D.1 and 3
E.2 and 3
Which of the following statements concerning calcium’s ground state electron
configuration is/are CORRECT?
1/ calcium is paramagnetic.
2/ calcium is a p-block element.
3/ calcium has two valence shell electrons.
A.1 only
B.2 only
C.3 only
D.1 and 2
E.2 and 3
Which three steps, placed in the proper order, are required for a nuclear chain reaction?
A.propagation, equilibration, and termination
B.propagation, oxidation, equilibration
C.equilibration, propagation, termination
D.initiation, oxidation, propagation
E.initiation, propagation, and termination
The mechanism of a chemical reaction is given below.
(CH3)3CCl (CH3)3C+ + Cl“ (slow)
(CH3)3C+ + OH“ (CH3)3COH (fast)
Which of the following statements concerning the reaction is/are CORRECT?
1/ The overall balanced reaction is: (CH3)3CCl + OH“ (CH3)3COH + Cl“
2/ Hydroxide ion is a reaction intermediate.
3/ The following rate law is consistent with the mechanism: rate = k[(CH3)3CCl]OH“].
A.1 only
B.2 only
C.3 only
D.1 and 3
E.1, 2, and 3
Write a balanced chemical equation for the overall reaction represented by the cell
notation below.
Zn(s) | Zn2+(aq) || H+(aq) | H2(g) | Pt(s)
A.H2(g) + Zn(s) 2 H+(aq) + Zn2+(aq)
B.2 H+(aq) + Zn2+(aq) H2(g) + Zn(s)
C.2 H+(aq) + Zn(s) H2(g) + Zn2+(aq)
D.2 H+(aq) + Zn(s) ZnH2(s)
E.H2(g) + Zn2+(aq) 2 H+(aq) + Zn(s)
Ozone decomposes to oxygen according to the balanced chemical equation below.
2 O3(g) 3 O2(g)
If the rate of disappearance of ozone is “2.4 10“6 M/s, what is the rate of formation of
oxygen?
A.”2.4 10“6 M/s
B.1.6 10“6 M/s
C.2.4 10“6 M/s
D.3.6 10“6 M/s
E.7.2 10“6 M/s
The half-life for the spontaneous decay of technetium-99m is 6.0 hours. How much of a
0.20 g sample of this isotope remains after 4.5 hours?
A.0.05 g
B.0.08 g
C.0.12 g
D.0.15 g
E.0.20 g
The toughness of the skin of a liquid is a measure of its ____.
A.meniscus curvature
B.adhesive forces
C.cohesive forces
D.viscosity
E.surface tension
What is the overall order of the reaction below
NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g)
if it proceeds via the following rate expression?
A.zero-order
B.first-order
C.second-order
D.third-order
E.fourth-order
Write a balanced half-reaction for the reduction of NO3
“(aq) to NO(g) in an acidic
solution.
A.NO3
“(aq) + 4 H+(aq) NO(g) + 2 H2O( )
B.NO3
“(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 3 e“ NO(g) + 2 H2O( )
C.NO3
“(aq) + 3 e“ NO(g) + O2(g)
D.NO3
“(aq) + 4 e“ NO(g) + O2(g)
E.NO3
“(aq) + 4 H+(aq) NO(g) + 2 H2O( ) + 2 e“
When a chemical process occurs under standard conditions, which of the following
conditions always apply?
1/ Gaseous species are at a pressure of 1 bar.
2/ Solution concentrations species are 1 molal.
3/ The temperature is 298.15 K.
A.1 only
B.2 only
C.3 only
D.1 and 2
E.1, 2, and 3
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
1/ Product concentrations appear in the numerator of an equilibrium constant
expression.
2/ A reaction favors the formation of products if K >> 1.
3/ Stoichiometric coefficients are used as exponents in an equilibrium constant
expression.
A.1 only
B.2 only
C.3 only
D.2 and 3
E.1, 2, and 3