In order for a confession to be admissible it must be:
a. voluntary.
b. true.
c. independently corroborated.
d. in writing.
Searches of vehicles incident to the arrest of an occupant area allowed only if the
officer has a reasonable belief that the arrestee can gain access to the vehicle or
___________ will be found in the vehicle.
a. contraband
b. weapons
c. evidence of the crime of arrest
d. evidence of any crime
Delegation of federal immigration enforcement to state and local law enforcement
agencies so they may assist in enforcing federal immigration laws is allowed by:
a. Section 1983 of the U.S. Code
b. Congress
c. Section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
d. The Department of Justice
The test used by courts when determining whether pretrial identification procedures
were constitutional is the:
a. harmless error test
b. totality of the circumstances test
c. preponderance of the evidence test
d. undue influence test
Law does all of the following, except that it does not:
a. respond to the perceived needs of the society it serves.
b. define unacceptable behavior.
c. establish consequences for unlawful behavior.
d. provide justice for all.
Officers can conduct a limited protective search incident to in-house arrest __________
that anyone dangerous is hiding in the home.
a. without any suspicion
b. with reasonable suspicion
c. with probable cause
d. with specific, articulable facts
When the Articles of Confederation were drafted, the number of independent states in
the Union was:
a. 7
b. 9
c. 11
d. 13
According to the text, pluralism challenged the colonists to:
a. strive to maintain their original culture.
b. exercise tolerance and respect for the opinions, customs, traditions and lifestyles of
others.
c. band together in self-defense.
d. combine English and Roman common law with Native American customary law.
A study by Police One magazine found that the most commonly used less-than-lethal
weapon is:
a. a baton.
b. OC spray.
c. the Taser
d. the bean bag round.
Rights not specifically listed in the Bill of Rights:
a. are considered not to exist.
b. are called unenumerated rights.
c. cannot be the basis of a Supreme Court appeal..
d. can only be asserted when no other rights are similar.
Federal judges (including Supreme Court justices) can be removed from their office “on
impeachment for and conviction of” all of the following, except:
a. high crimes and misdemeanors
b. treason
c. dereliction of duty
d. bribery
Roadblocks have been found to be constitutional if their purpose is to check for:
a. drugs.
b. drunk drivers.
c. illegal weapons.
d. criminal activity.
The landmark case in the issue of affirmative action is:
a. United Steelworkers of America v. Weber (1979).
b. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978).
c. United States v. Paradise (1987).
d. Fullilove v. Klutznick (1980).
“Briefing” a case means to:
a. outline the pertinent aspects of the case..
b. refer it to a lower court.
c. read about it in the popular literature.
d. write an opinion about the case.
The Constitution provides:
a. an absolute right to be free from government intrusion.
b. a right to be free from government intrusion unless a warrant has been issued.
c. a right to be free from unreasonable government intrusion.
d. a right against any form of intrusion by public or private parties.
The Supreme Court effectively set an expiration date on the right to counsel invocation
by announcing a new “14 day break in custody” rule in:
a. Edwards v. Arizona
b. Arizona v. Roberson
c. United States v. Dunn
d. Maryland v. Shatzer
General searches are:
a. routinely done by police.
b. never constitutional.
c. permitted if authorized by a warrant.
d. permitted in cases where the suspect is found to be armed.
Which of the following would not prove exigent circumstances to justify entry by
police without first announcing their presence and purpose?
a. A crime is in progress.
b. Illegal gambling is occurring at night.
c. Evidence would be destroyed
d. Making the officer’s presence known would endanger them.
The Amendment which requires a grand jury indictment in felony cases, prohibits
double jeopardy and provides the right against self-incrimination is the:
a. Fifth Amendment
b. Eighth Amendment
c. Sixth Amendment
d. Fourth Amendment
In Brewer v. Williams, the Christian Burial Speech case (involving the search for the
body of a missing girl), the Supreme Court determined there was:
a. an inevitable articulation exception to the Sixth Amendment.
b. a deliberate elicitation of an incriminating statement.
c. the functional equivalent of interrogation.
d. intimidation resulting in an involuntary statement.
The famous supremacy clause, declaring the “Supreme Law of the Land,” is contained
in:
a. the Declaration of Independence.
b. the First Amendment to the Bill of Rights.
c. Article 6 of the Constitution itself.
d. the Great Compromise.
As ___________, law enforcement officers’ speech is protected by the First
Amendment only if it is a matter of public concern or unrelated to employment.
a. officers of the court
b. members of the Executive branch
c. public employees
d. private citizens
To obtain an electronic surveillance warrant, or wiretap order, probable cause that a
person is engaging in particular communications must be established by the court and
______________ must have already been tried.
a. random interception of communications
b. normal investigative procedures
c. an attempt to obtain one-party’s consent
d. a trap and trace device
Of the following statements about dissenting opinions, all are accurate except:
a. They carry no legal authority.
b. They date to the King’s Bench of Great Britain in 1792.
c. They are often used in hope of influencing future decisions.
d. They carry the same legal authority as the majority opinion.
The ability of a president to select a Supreme Court justice is a powerful political
opportunity because:
a. the justice selected will treat that president with favoritism, should they ever be
involved in a legal dispute.
b. the justice selected must rule the way the president wishes.
c. it might be possible to select a candidate with similar political views.
d. most judicial candidates are powerful people themselves.
American law is considered a living law because:
a. it can change as society changes.
b. it can never be rescinded or cancelled.
c. once a law is passed, it stands forever.
d. there are no constraints on its application or interpretation.
You are the on-duty desk sergeant. A man walks in and says “I killed someone and want
to confess.” You grab your digital voice recorder and direct the man to a chair at your
desk. He sits down and tells the tale of what turns out to be a first-degree murder. You
record every word, including the numerous instances in which you said “Uh-huh” and
“I see.” Satisfied that the subject did, indeed, commit a murder, you place him under
arrest.
The confession is:
a. inadmissible because recording it was a violation of the subject’s
reasonable expectation of privacy.
b. inadmissible because the subject was in a coercive environment (police station),
was therefore in custody for purposes of Miranda, and the encouragement to continue
was interrogation.
c. admissible under the “public safety” exception to Miranda as the subject was a
danger to the officer and public.
d. admissible as a voluntary statement when the subject was neither in custody
nor interrogated for purposes of Miranda.
American law is:
a. entirely original, having no roots in any previous legal system.
b. designed to resist changes.
c. influenced by the laws of the societies that helped found America.
d. based solely on the Napoleonic Code.
The current Supreme Court:
a. overwhelmingly supports judicial review.
b. is impartial on the issue of judicial review.
c. supports the expansion of rights for offenders within the criminal justice system.
d. is perceived to be a “law and order” court that supports expanded discretionary
authority for criminal justice professionals.
The Magna Carta was an important prelude to the U.S. Constitution because it. :
a. guaranteed due process and limited government power.
b. provided the inspiration for the Great Compromise.
c. was based upon the separation of powers between branches of government.
d. ensured that there would be no monarchy in the United States.
In 1774, the First Continental Congress accomplished all of the following, except:
a. defining the rights of the colonists and outlining violations of these rights by the
British government.
b. addressing American grievances to King George and calling for restoration of rights.
c. calling for a boycott of British goods until demands were met.
d. formally severing ties with Great Britain.
Statements are not admissible in court if obtained while violating a person’s Fourth
Amendment right to a reasonable ___________.
The law of _____________was established in the landmark case of Terry v. Ohio.
The Miranda warning must be given during lineups, show-ups, and photographic
identifications.
Officers wanting to make an unannounced entrance to execute a warrant may request a
____________ warrant.
According to the Eighth Amendment, punishment shall not be ______________.
General searches are ____________.
The maxim that it is unreasonable for officers to search for “an elephant in a matchbox”
means the size of the item(s) sought determines where officers may reasonably search.
If a warrant states that one specific item is sought, the search may still continue after it
is found.
The Supreme Court has effectively created most of its own power and authority through
the process of ________________.
Evidence that has been seized illegally by an independently-acting private person and
turned over to the police is inadmissible in court as fruit of the poisonous tree.
Reverse discrimination consists of giving preferential treatment in hiring and promoting
women and minorities to the detriment of white males.
State courts are free to forbid preventive detention of state and local prisoners.
In Codispoti v. Pennsylvania (1994), the Supreme Court has held that only more serious
offenses require a jury trial, which means if any period of incarceration is a possibility.
List the rights guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment.
Discuss the controversial topic of use of force and the landmark cases guiding officer
behavior.
Probable cause can be established after a search or arrest is made.
The U.S. Supreme Court’s chief function is as an appellate court.
An officer’s hot pursuit of a suspect cannot legally continue past the threshold to a
private residence without a warrant.
Driving while intoxicated and hot pursuit situations are examples of ____________.