A ray of light, which is traveling in air, is incident on a glass plate at a 45 angle. The
angle of refraction in the glass
A) is greater than 45.
B) is less than 45.
C) is equal to 45.
D) is unknown because it all depends on the index of refraction of glass.
A jet plane flying 600. m/s experiences an acceleration of 4.0 g when pulling out of the
dive. What is the radius of curvature of the loop in which the plane is flying?
A) 1.2 km
B) 5.8 km
C) 0.64 km
D) 9.2 km
E) 7.0 km
FIGURE 3-4
Three boys each pull with a 20-lb force on the same object, as shown in Fig. 3-4. The
resultant force will be
A) cannot be determined; insufficient information
B) 20 lb to the left.
C) 20 lb down.
D) zero.
E) 20 lb up.
The change in entropy is Q/T for
A) all processes.
B) reversible processes.
C) irreversible processes.
D) all real engines.
E) exothermic processes.
Coefficient of performance is
A) 1 – Qcold/Qhot.
B) Q/m.
C) Qout/Win.
D) Q – W.
E) 1 – Tcold/Thot.
If you increase the initial speed of a bullet by 10%, the resultant RANGE will increase
by what percent (assume air resistance can be ignored)?
A) 5.0%
B) 20%
C) 10%
D) 21%
E) 11%
The condition for total internal reflection can be predicted from Snell’s law since
A) the index of refraction of glass is about 1.5.
B) the index of refraction of plastic is about 1.5.
C) the value of tangent can be 1.0.
D) the maximum value of the sine is 1.0.
E) the maximum value of the sine is 1.5.
A photon cannot create an electron pair unless its frequency is
A) less than 1.24 1020 Hz.
B) less than 2.47 1020 Hz.
C) greater than 1.24 1020 Hz.
D) greater than 2.47 1020 Hz.
E) infinite.
Two point charges of + 30.0 μC and – 9.00 μC are separated by a distance of 20.0 cm. A
+7.00 μC charge is placed midway between these two charges. What is the electric
force acting on this charge because of the other two charges?
A) 0.453 N directed towards the negative charge
B) 2.45 N directed towards the negative charge
C) 2.45 N directed towards the positive charge
D) 245 N directed towards the positive charge
E) 245 N directed towards the negative charge
In a liquid at a given temperature, the molecules are moving in every direction, some
fast, some slowly. Electrical forces of adhesion tend to hold them together. However,
occasionally one molecule gains enough energy (as a result of collisions) so that it pulls
loose from its neighbors and escapes from the liquid. Which of the following can best
be understood in terms of this phenomenon?
A) Increasing the atmospheric pressure over a liquid will cause the boiling temperature
to decrease.
B) If snow begins to fall when you are skiing, you will feel colder than you did before it
started to snow.
C) When a large steel suspension bridge is built, gaps are left between the girders.
D) When you step out of a swimming pool and stand in the wind, you will get colder
than you would if you stayed out of the wind.
E) A hot water bottle will do a better job of keeping you warm than will a rock of the
same mass heated to the same temperature.
A gray (Gy) is
A) 3.70 x 1010 decays/s in radium.
B) the SI unit of absorbed dose = 1 J/kg = 100 rad.
C) a dosage of 2.58 x 10-4 C/kg.
D) the SI unit of radioactivity (= 1 decay/s).
E) 10-2 J/kg.
Two deuterium nuclei, H, fuse to produce a tritium nucleus, H, and a hydrogen
nucleus. A neutral deuterium atom has a mass of 2.014102 u; a neutral tritium atom has
a mass of 3.016050 u; a neutral hydrogen atom has a mass of 1.007825 u; a neutron has
a mass of 1.008665 u; and a proton has a mass of 1.007277 u. How much energy is
released in the process? 1 u = 931.494 MeV/c2.
A) 3.03 MeV
B) 3.53 MeV
C) 4.03 MeV
D) 4.53 MeV
E) 6.58 MeV
When a baseball pitcher throws a curve ball, he makes the ball spin about an axis
________ the direction in which the ball’s center of mass is moving.
A) parallel to
B) perpendicular to
C) 45 with respect to
Which of the following best explains why sweating is important to humans in
maintaining suitable body temperature?
A) Functioning of the sweat gland absorbs energy that otherwise would go into heating
the body.
B) The high specific heat of water on the skin absorbs heat from the body.
C) Evaporation of moisture from the skin extracts heat from the body.
D) Moisture on the skin increases thermal conductivity, thereby allowing heat to flow
out of the body more effectively.
The length of a telescope is 2.00 m and the focal length of the objective is 2.0 cm. What
is the focal length of the eyepiece?
A) 200 cm
B) 202 cm
C) 101 cm
D) 2.0 cm
E) 198 cm
A golf ball traveling 3 m/s to the right collides in a head-on collision with a stationary
bowling ball in a friction-free environment. If the collision is almost perfectly elastic,
the speed of the golf ball immediately after the collision is
A) slightly less than 3 m/s.
B) much less than 3 m/s.
C) slightly greater than 3 m/s.
D) equal to 3 m/s.
Which of the following have the least RBE (relative biological effectiveness)?
A) slow neutrons
B) beta particles
C) alpha particles
D) fast protons
E) gamma rays
An object is thrown vertically and accelerates downward at +9.80 m/s2 (downward is
positive and upward is negative).
(a) What is its displacement after 5.00 s if it starts at 2.50 m/s?
(b) How fast is it moving after that 5.00 s?
If an object is accelerating, it must therefore undergo
A) a change in velocity.
B) a change in direction.
C) a change in speed.
Two children are carrying a 2.00-m long uniform level board with a mass 5.00 kg, each
supporting one end of the board. A 1.00-kg book is resting on the board a distance 1.20
m from one end of the board. What is the force applied by the child that is closer to the
book to support the board?
A) 29.4 N downward
B) 58.9 N upward
C) 29.4 N upward
D) 30.4 N upward
E) 3.10 N upward
The plates of a parallel-plate capacitor are maintained with constant voltage by a battery
as they are pulled apart. What happens to the strength of the electric field during this
process?
A) It decreases.
B) It increases.
C) It remains constant.
D) There is no way to tell from the information given.
Which of the following would correctly convert a Fahrenheit temperature (F) to a
Kelvin (K) value?
A) K = (5/9)(F – 32)
B) K = (5/9)F + 255
C) K = (5/9)F – 273
D) K = (9/5) F + 273
E) K = (9/5)(F – 32) + 273
At the second maxima on either side of the central bright spot in a double-slit
experiment, light from
A) each opening travels the same distance.
B) one opening travels twice as far as light from the other opening.
C) one opening travels one wavelength of light farther than light from the other
opening.
D) one opening travels two wavelengths of light farther than light from the other
opening.
Suppose that an object is moving with constant acceleration. Which of the following is
an accurate statement concerning its motion?
A) In equal times its speed increases by equal amounts.
B) In equal times its velocity changes by equal amounts.
C) In equal times it moves equal distances.
A force of 10 N acts on a charge of 5.0 μC when it is placed in a uniform electric field.
What is the magnitude of this electric field?
A) 50 MN/C
B) 2.0 MN/C
C) 1.0 MN/C
D) 0.50 MN/C
E) 1000 MN/C
A light bulb operating at 110 V draws 1.40 A of current. What is its resistance?
A) 12.7 Ω
B) 78.6 Ω
C) 109 Ω
D) 154 Ω
E) 178 Ω
If m = 4, how may possible values can the spin quantum number ms have?
A) 3
B) 5
C) 4
D) 2
E) 1
F) 0
A galvanometer with a coil resistance of 80. Ω deflects full scale for a current of 2.00
mA. What series resistance is required to convert it to a voltmeter reading full scale for
200. V?
A) 100.02 kΩ
B) 99.92 kΩ
C) 0.800 mΩ
D) 13.2 MΩ
E) 100. kΩ
A sphere of diameter 7.9 cm is completely submerged in water and seems to weigh
32.0% less in the water than out of it.
(a) What is the density of the sphere?
(b) If the sphere had been twice as dense, it would have weighed what % less in water
than out?
In each cycle an engine gets 50. J from the combustion of fuel and it expels 45. J of heat
to the environment at 13.°C. What is the minimum possible temperature at which the
50. J could be taken in?
A) 45°C
B) 33°C
C) 20°C
D) 27°C
E) 23°C
When a voltage is applied for display on an oscilloscope CRT, it is usually shown on
the screen plot
A) horizontally.
B) diagonally.
C) vertically.
FIGURE 5-4
Three applied forces, F1 = 20.0 N, F2 = 40.0 N, and F3 = 10.0 N act on an object with a
mass of 2.00 kg which can move along an inclined plane as shown in the figure. The
questions refer to the instant when the object has moved 0.600 m along the surface of
the inclined plane in the upward direction. Neglect friction and use g = 10.0 m/s2.
Refer to Fig. 5-4. What is the amount of work done by force F1 as the object moves up
the inclined plane?
A) 10.0 J
B) 11.0 J
C) 12.0 J
D) 16.0 J
E) 0 J
Express the result of the following calculation, to the proper number of significant
figures: 8.4 + 4240.
FIGURE 20-3
A popular novelty contains 4 vanes balanced on a needle in an evacuated globe (see
Fig. 20-3). The front side of each vane is a shiny mirror and the back side is blackened.
Since electromagnetic waves exert a “radiation pressure,” which way will the vanes
rotate when a bright light shines on them?
Why are transformer cores made of laminated, rather than solid, magnetic material?
Add the following lengths, each obtained from a different measuring instrument, and
round off the answer to the proper number of significant figures: 20.02 m, 5.91 m,
0.0097 m, and 2.467 m.
A roofer lifts supplies a height of 20. m with a hand-operated winch. How long would it
take him to lift a 200. kg load, if the winch has an efficiency of 90%, and the rate at
which the winch can do work is 0.80 hp?
A charge of 12.° C passes through an electroplating apparatus in 2.0 min. What is the
average current?
List the seven base quantities in the SI system.
The mass of Mars, 6.40 x 1023 kg, is about one-tenth that of the Earth, and its radius,
3395 km, is about half that of Earth. What is the mean density of Mars?
In space, a 4.0 kg metal ball moving 30. m/s has a head-on collision with a stationary
second ball of equal mass. After the elastic collision, what are the velocities of the
balls?
Match lens to the best description above.
Consider capacitors C1, C2, and C3, which are connected in series in a closed loop. A
switch is placed between C1 and C2. With the switch open, C1is charged to 12.0 volts
by a battery. The battery is then disconnected and the switch is closed. Determine the
final charge on each capacitor, and the potential difference across each, given that C1 =
2.00 μF, and C2 = C3 = 3.00 μF.
As you know, the Earth has an orbital period of one year at an orbital radius of one AU.
If a new “minor planet” were to be found in a circular orbit with radius 13. AU, what
would be its period?
A sphere of radius R and mass M is released from rest, and rolls without slipping down
a plane inclined at angle G above horizontal. What is the speed of the sphere after it has
moved a distance L?
State the two fundamental postulates of Einstein’s Special Relativity.
A satellite orbits the Earth once every 6.0 hours in a circle. What is its angular velocity
(in radians/s)?