Conducting materials are composed of atoms with
A) strong cohesive forces between them.
B) loose outer electrons.
C) excess neutrons compared with protons.
D) vastly more charge than insulators.
If you toss a ball “horizontally” from one wall to an opposite wall inside an accelerating
spaceship in deep space, defining “up” as the direction of acceleration, the ball will hit
A) below its straight-line path.
B) above its straight-line path.
C) neither of these
Compared to the volume of a kilogram of feathers, the volume of a kilogram of lead is
A) less.
B) more.
C) the same.
Which of these expands when the temperature is lowered?
A) iron
B) wood
C) ice water
D) helium
E) none of the above
A conductor differs from an insulator in that a conductor has more
A) electrons than protons.
B) protons than electrons.
C) energy than an insulator.
D) faster moving molecules.
E) none of the above
A person floats higher in the dense water of the Dead Sea because
A) less volume of water is displaced.
B) more volume of water is displaced.
C) of a greater buoyant force.
A banana will appear black when illuminated with
A) black light.
B) blue light.
C) red light.
D) green light.
Red sunsets are due to light of lower frequencies that
A) are scattered from larger particles in the air.
B) are scattered from smaller particles in the air.
C) survive being scattered in the air.
D) are reflected by clouds and relatively large particles in the air.
E) appear reddish-orange to the eye.
In a smoke detector americium (A = 95) transmutes to neptunium (A = 93) by
A) beta emission.
B) alpha emission.
C) gamma emission.
D) none of the above
Surrounding a magnet is a magnetic field. Surrounding an electron is an electric field.
Surrounding Earth is
A) an alteration in space in which mass experiences a force.
B) a gravitational field.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
When the curve of a vertical structure matches the inverted image of a drooping chain
held at both ends, the curve is called a
A) parabola.
B) hyperbola.
C) catenary.
We feel uncomfortably warm on a muggy day because water molecules are
A) evaporating from our moist bodies.
B) condensing on our bodies.
C) evaporating and condensing on our bodies at the same rate.
D) none of the above
If a 5oC piece of iron is heated until it has twice as much internal energy, its
temperature will be
A) 10oC.
B) 273oC.
C) 278oC.
D) 283oC.
E) 556oC.
Electrons that are energized to glow in the filament of a common ac lamp are
A) supplied by a wall outlet.
B) supplied by a wall outlet, which in turn are supplied by your power company.
C) electrons already in the filament.
D) none of the above
A clock on the surface of a shrinking star will run progressively
A) slower.
B) faster.
C) no difference
A substance with a high thermal inertia has a high
A) temperature, in many cases.
B) heat conductivity.
C) specific heat capacity.
D) energy content.
An apple falls from a tree and hits the ground 5 meters below with a speed of about
A) 5 m/s.
B) 10 m/s.
C) 15 m/s.
D) 20 m/s.
E) not enough information
Although plutonium alone is chemically toxic, it is not toxic when
A) oxidized.
B) ionized.
C) subcritical.
D) none of the above
Atmospheric molecules do not fly off into outer space due to
A) their chaotic speeds.
B) their relatively low densities.
C) Earth gravitation.
D) cohesive forces.
When a pair of 10-N forces act on a box of candy, the net force on the box is
A) zero.
B) about 14 N.
C) 20 N.
D) Any of the above depending on the directions of forces.
The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of
A) momentum.
B) energy.
C) electric charge.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
The safety fuse in an electric circuit is connected to the circuit in
A) series.
B) parallel.
C) either series or parallel.
As monochromatic light passes from air to glass and back to air, changes occur in its
A) wavelength.
B) speed.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
What occurs in a pan of water placed outdoors on a warm day?
A) evaporation
B) condensation
C) both of these
D) neither of these
The speedometer of an automobile reads
A) average speed.
B) instantaneous speed.
C) accelerated speed.
A player catches a ball. If action is the force of the ball against the player’s glove,
reaction is the
A) player’s grip on the glove.
B) glove against the ball.
C) friction of the ground against the player’s shoes.
D) muscular effort in the player’s arms.
E) none of the above
Sound travel fastest in
A) water vapor.
B) water.
C) ice.
D) steam.
E) all of the above
A single brick falls with acceleration g. The reason a double brick falls with the same
acceleration is
A) that in free fall all accelerations are g.
B) its ratio of force to mass is the same.
C) an experimental fact tested many times.
D) none of the above
A heater draws 20A when connected to a 110-V line. If the electric power costs 20 cents
per kilowatt hour, the cost of running the heater for 10 hours is
A) $0.44.
B) $1.10.
C) $4.40.
D) $11.00.
E) none of the above
A heavy rock and a light rock of the same size are falling through the air from a tall
building. The one that encounters the greatest air resistance is the
A) light rock.
B) heavy rock.
C) same for both
The frequency of a simple pendulum does NOT depend on
A) its mass.
B) its length.
C) the acceleration due to gravity.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Your friend says that the heavyweight champion of the world cannot exert a force of 50
N on an isolated piece of tissue paper with his best punch. You
A) agree that it can’t be done.
B) have reservations about this assertion.
C) disagree, for a good punch easily delivers this much force.
A 1-kg rock that weighs 10 N is thrown straight upward at 20 m/s. Neglecting air
resistance, the net force that acts on it when it is half way to the top of its path is
A) less than 10 N.
B) 10 N.
C) more than 10 N.
The first scientist to introduce the concept of inertia was
A) Aristotle.
B) Galileo.
C) Newton.
D) Copernicus.
none of these.
Figure T-2
The heavy boy and light girl are balanced on the seesaw. If they both move inward so
that each is exactly half the original distance from the pivot, then the
1) boy’s end will move downward.
2) girl’s end will move downward.
3) seesaw will remain in balance.
If the fulcrum of the seesaw is repositioned so each can sit at an END of the board and
be in balance, then if each moves inward half way the
4) boy’s end will move downward.
5) girl’s end will move downward.
6) seesaw will remain balanced.
When heavy elements such as uranium undergo fission, there is an accompanying
1) loss of mass,
2) gain of mass,
3) no change in mass,
and when light elements such as hydrogen undergo fusion, there is an accompanying
4) loss of mass.
5) gain of mass.
6) no change in mass.
When we drink through a straw, the liquid is actually
1) pulled up
2) sucked up
3) pushed up
by
4) atmospheric pressure.
5) reduced pressure in the straw.
6) surface tension.
7) capillarity.
Buoyant force is greater on a submerged
1) 1-kg block of lead.
2) 1-kg block of aluminum.
3) same on each
Because
4) the aluminum block is larger.
5) they both have the same weight.
When an ice cube in a glass of water melts, the water level will
1) rise.
2) fall.
3) remain the same.
If the floating ice cube contains a chunk of iron, during melting the water level will
4) rise.
5) fall.
6) remain the same.
High tides are predominately produced by the
1) strong gravitational pull of the Sun,
2) centrifugal force created by Earth-Moon orbit,
3) differences in gravitational pulls of the Moon on opposite sides of Earth,
which is due to
4) rotation of Earth and Moon about the Sun.
5) Moon pulling with significantly more force on the closer side of Earth than on the
farther side.
6) the Sun’s pull on Earth being 200 times stronger than Moon’s gravitational pull.
An astronaut falling into a black hole would see events toward the singularity
1) red shifted,
2) blue shifted,
3) with no shift,
and she would see events from the outside normal universe
4) red shifted.
5) blue shifted.
6) with no shift.
In a 120-volt circuit, 120 joules of
1) charge move each second, which makes up the current,
2) energy are given to each unit of charge that makes up the current,
3) energy are given to each unit of resistance in the circuit,
and if the current is 1 ampere, then
4) 1 unit of charge per second passes any point in the circuit.
5) 120 units of charge per second pass any point in the circuit.
6) the resistance of the circuit is 1 ohm.
Neglecting all types of friction, if two identical sleds, one empty and the other with four
heavy passengers, start sliding down a hill together, the heavier sled will get to the
bottom
1) before the empty car,
2) after the empty car,
3) at the same time as the empty car,
while in the presence of air resistance, the heavier car will get to the bottom
4) before the empty car.
5) after the empty car.
6) at the same time as the empty car.
Ohm’s law tells us that the amount of current produced in a circuit is
1) directly proportional to voltage.
2) inversely proportional to resistance.
3) both of these
which means that current in a conductor can be increased by
4) increasing the voltage across it.
5) reducing its resistance.
6) both of these
D) none of the above
The density of an average person is about
1) 480 kg/m3 (30 lb/ft3).
2) 960 kg/m3 (60 lb/ft3).
3) 1920 kg/m3 (120 lb/ft3).
4) 2400 kg/m3 (150 lb/ft3).
From this we can see that the volume of a 120-lb person is about
5) 1 ft3.
6) 2 ft3.
7) 3 ft3.
8) 4 ft3.
9) not enough information to estimate.
A projectile is launched vertically upward at 40 m/s. If air resistance is negligible, its
speed upon returning to its starting point is
1) less than 40 m/s.
2) 40 m/s.
3) more than 40 m/s.
All along the ball’s trajectory, its acceleration is
4) g downward.
5) g at an angle.
6) zero.
If air resistance does affect motion, then the ball’s speed upon returning to its starting
point is
7) less than 50 m/s.
8) 50 m/s.
9) more than 50 m/s.
Which has a greater buoyant force?
1) a huge lead zeppelin
2) a small helium-filled balloon
3) both
4) neither
because
5) of its low density.
6) it occupies the greatest amount of space.
7) it occupies the least amount of space.
8) both have comparable densities.
The force of gravity acts on a satellite when it is in
1) circular orbit.
2) elliptical orbit.
3) both of these
4) neither of these
and does work on a satellite when it is in
5) circular orbit.
6) elliptical orbit.
7) both of these
8) neither of these
The ratio of the circumference of any circle to its diameter is π. Similarly, the ratio of
the energy of any photon to its frequency is
1) h, Planck’s constant,
2) uncertain, unlike π,
3) the wavelength of the photon,
4) c, the photon’s speed,
which is
5) a basic constant of nature setting a lower limit on the smallness of things.
6) a basic constant of nature setting an upper limit on the speed of things.
Figure T-1
The boy plays “solitary seesaw” as shown. We can understand this by imagining that he
has an invisible partner who is actually at the
1) fulcrum.
2) right end of the board.
3) rotational inertia of the seesaw as a whole.
4) seesaw’s center of gravity.
Since the seesaw is not rotating, we can say that
5) the net torque on the seesaw is zero.
6) potential energy and kinetic energy are equal to each other.
7) the boy’s and the seesaw’s centers of gravity must be equal distances from the
fulcrum.
8) the boy and the seesaw must have the same weight.
A pair of like electric charges
1) repel each other,
2) attract each other,
and a pair of like magnetic poles
3) repel each other.
4) attract each other.
A boulder is thrown into a deep lake. As it sinks deeper and deeper in the water the
buoyant force
1) increases.
2) decreases.
3) remains the same.
This is because the
4) pressure increases with greater depth.
5) pressure decreases with greater depth.
6) volume and weight of displaced water are the same at any depth.