Might reverse osmosis be used to obtain fresh water from a sugar-water solution?
A) No, osmosis and reverse osmosis only apply to aqueous solutions containing ions.
B) Yes, reverse osmosis can be applied to any aqueous solution for the generation of
fresh water.
C) No, the molecular attractions between sugar and water are too strong.
D) Yes, because sugar molecules are smaller than sodium or chloride ions.
Answer:
The attraction of a person’s body toward Earth is called weight. The reaction to this
force is
A) the person’s body pushing against Earth’s surface.
B) Earth’s surface pushing against the person’s body.
C) the person’s body pulling on Earth.
D) none of the above
Answer:
The Precambrian witnessed the development of
A) the first atmosphere.
B) the ozone layer.
C) photosynthesis.
D) photosynthesis, an oxygenated atmosphere, and the ozone layer.
Answer:
A chemical change results in
A) new atoms.
B) a physical change.
C) new materials.
D) a new phase.
Answer:
If the pH of a solution is 10, what is the hydronium ion concentration?
A) 1 10-10 M
B) 1 1010 M
C) 10 M
D) -10 M
E) – 1 1010 M
Answer:
Which of these lamps is the longer lasting in a common circuit?
A) incandescent lamp
B) compact fluorescent lamp
C) light-emitting diode
D) all about the same
Answer:
An electron is pushed into an electric field where it acquires a 1-V electrical potential.
If two electrons are pushed the same distance into the same electric field, the electrical
potential of the two electrons is
A) 0.25 V.
B) 0.5 V.
C) 1 V.
D) 2 V.
E) 4 V.
Answer:
Wild plants readily grow “all by themselves” yet the molecules of the growing plant
have less entropy than the materials used to make the plant. How is it possible for a
there to be this decrease in entropy for a process that occurs all by itself?
A) A decrease in entropy does not necessarily mean that a reaction if favored to proceed
on its own. It happens in this instance but not in others.
B) There is no decrease in entropy when wild plants grow. All growing plants tend to
display an increase in entropy.
C) Wild plants don’t grow “all by themselves.” When we consider the entire system,
including the sun, we find an overall increase in entropy.
D) Life on Earth “arises on its own.” It does not depend on entropy processes.
Answer:
Possible ways that sea level could lower include a decrease in
A) worldwide temperatures and an increase in the rate of seafloor spreading.
B) worldwide temperatures and a decrease in the rate of seafloor spreading.
C) tectonic activity and an increase in worldwide temperatures.
D) the rate of seafloor spreading and an increase in worldwide temperatures.
Answer:
What is the percent volume of water in 80-proof vodka?
A) 80 percent
B) 60 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 20 percent
Answer:
A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same
speed but has twice as much mass, its momentum is
A) zero.
B) doubled.
C) quadrupled.
D) unchanged.
Answer:
Why is 2,4,5-trifluorophenol much more acidic than phenol?
A) The fluorines adjacent to the OH group are large and shield the hydroxl group from
making the solution basic.
B) The fluorines de-stabilize the benzene ring and thus give the structure more acidic
characteristics.
C) The fluorines have high electronegativities and help to stabilize the negative charges,
which makes it even easier for the hydrogen to be lost.
D) False! 2,4,5-trifluorophenol is actually not more acidic than phenol.
Answer:
Metal detectors that locate metal beneath sand on a beach are activated by
A) electric fields.
B) magnetic fields.
C) electromagnetic induction.
D) alternating current.
Answer:
The magnetic field inside a current-carrying coil increases when
A) current is increased.
B) the number of loops of wire in the coil increases.
C) an iron core is inserted.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer:
An ideal transformer has 50 turns in its primary and 250 turns in its secondary. When
12-V ac is connected to the primary, the voltage available to the secondary is
A) 5 V.
B) 10 V.
C) 30 V.
D) 60 V.
Answer:
Complete the following nuclear equation:
Po → ?? + He
A) Po
B) Pb
C) Pb
D) Rn
E) none of the above
Answer:
Two objects move toward each other due to gravity. As the objects get closer and closer,
the acceleration of each
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) is not affected.
Answer:
If the elliptical orbit of Mercury were more eccentric, its precession rate would be
A) larger than it is now.
B) smaller than it is now.
C) the same as it is now.
D) nonexistent.
Answer:
The mantle can be separated into two different portions: the lower mantle and the upper
mantle. The lower mantle is
A) completely solid due to extreme pressure that prevents iron-rich silica rocks from
melting.
B) composed of silly putty that flows like molasses.
C) rigid and has no capability of flow.
D) predominantly liquid silica.
Answer:
The speed of a bullet fired from a gun will be about the same as the speed of the
recoiling gun
A) when momentum is conserved.
B) because velocity is conserved.
C) when both velocity and momentum are conserved.
D) if the masses of the bullet and gun are equal.
E) none of the above
Answer:
For the following balanced reaction, which of the following is a solid?
2 Na(l) + Cl2(g) → 2 NaCl(s)
A) Na
B) 2 Na
C) Cl2
D) Cl
E) NaCl
Answer:
The speed of water in a stream is affected by
A) hydraulic gradient, recharge, and channel geometry.
B) gradient, discharge, and channel geometry.
C) high gradient, laminar flow, and erosion.
D) gradient, turbulence, and friction.
Answer:
Which is smallest?
A) a galaxy
B) a local group
C) a Supercluster
D) the observable universe
Answer:
A ball rolls off the edge of a table at the same time another ball drops vertically from
the same table. The ball to hit the floor first is the
A) rolling ball.
B) dropped ball.
C) both hit at the same time
Answer:
Stars to the upper left of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram tend to be relatively
A) hot and blue.
B) long lasting.
C) huge.
D) yellow and of average size.
Answer:
What is the main difficulty in trying to eliminate chlorinated fluorocarbons from the
atmosphere?
A) They are very stable and take a long time to decompose completely.
B) They are too light and blow away.
C) They do not absorb ultraviolet radiation.
D) all of the above
E) only a and b
Answer:
If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it
have?
carbon-13
A) 6
B) 12
C) 13
D) 7
E) none of the above
Answer:
What is the purpose of treating water with chlorine gas or ozone during water
purification?
A) to kill bacteria
B) to improve taste
C) to improve color
D) to remove solids
E) none of the above
Answer:
The following image represents which kind of matter?
A) a compound
B) a mixture
C) an element
D) none of the above
E) all of the above
Answer:
According to Galileo, inertia is a
A) force like any other force.
B) special kind of force.
C) property of all matter.
D) concept opposite to force.
Answer:
The color of an opaque object is the same as the light that is
A) transmitted.
B) absorbed.
C) reflected.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer:
If you saw the label “phenylephrine HCl” on a decongestant, would you worry that
consuming it would expose you to the strong acid hydrochloric acid, HCl?
A) No, because it is balanced by the phenylephrine.
B) No, because the drug is in the solid phase.
C) No, because this is a salt made using hydrogen chloride, but it is in no way hydrogen
chloride.
D) Yes, because of the hydrochloric acid it contains.
Answer:
An object may have potential energy because of its
A) speed.
B) acceleration.
C) momentum.
D) location.
E) none of the above
Answer:
Infrared waves are often called heat waves because they
A) emanate from relatively hot sources.
B) consist of frequencies lower than those of visible light.
C) induce resonance of molecules in the skin that becomes thermal energy.
D) are absorbed rather than reflected by the skin.
E) are the predominant waves emitted by the Sun.
Answer: