How did hotels symbolize the American spirit in the 1820s-1840s?
a. Like democracy, they were open to all men, but closed to women; they also showed
how easily people moved around physically, socially, economically, and politically.
b. Like democracy, they were open to all white men but closed to women, blacks, and
Indians; they also showed how people were mobilephysically, socially, economically,
politically.
c. Hotels were often sites of debauchery and illicit behaviors, symbolizing how the
American spirit had deteriorated to one of debauchery not only in morals but also in
economics, politics, and foreign affairs.
d. Hotels were expensive, demonstrating the entrepreneurial power of the American
spirit: life is a race; all people may start the race in the same place, but those who run
fastest and best will win.
e. Hotels were large, cavernous places, not the cozy warm places that old-fashioned
inns were; they symbolized the size of America geographically, economically, and
politically.
Britain and France responded to initial German aggression in 1938 by __________.
a. immediately threatening war
b. allying with the Soviet Union
c. seizing German territory
d. attempting to appease Hitler
e. blockading German ports
How did Madison hope to defeat Great Britain in the war of 1812?
a. He hoped to gain control of the British West Indies to show Great Britain that the
United States was a powerful country worthy of respect.
b. He attempted to control the trade routes of the Atlantic Ocean, demonstrating the
United States’ naval power and trade viability.
c. He hoped to gain control of Canada to show Great Britain that the United States was
a powerful country worthy of respect.
d. He hoped to distract Great Britain from its war with France, allowing the French time
to regroup and gain a tactical advantage in Europe.
e. He attempted to take control of Indian territories in the West, hoping to draw the
British navy away from the U.S. Atlantic Ocean trade routes.
What is one reason the Gulf of Tonkin affair was such a costly victory for Johnson?
a. Johnson became ill during the Gulf of Tonkin affair and never fully recovered his
health.
b. The Gulf of Tonkin affair caused the deaths of thousands of civilians, which soured
America’s reputation abroad.
c. The Gulf of Tonkin affair led Congress to reduce Johnson’s ability to use force in
Vietnam.
d. When the war started in earnest, Johnson was vulnerable to the charge of deliberately
misleading Congress.
e. Johnson had to underfund his domestic social programs to finance the operation.
The selection of a site for Jamestown was based primarily on the settlers’ __________.
a. fear of surprise attacks
b. desire for a healthful place to live
c. belief that friendly Indians lived nearby
d. need for close proximity to the open ocean
e. fear of diseases in the swamps
Which of the following was a major effect of the labor shortage caused by the war?
a. a dramatic rise in wages for all workers
b. a great migration of southern African Americans to northern cities
c. a worsening in government-labor relations
d. a decrease in the number of working women
e. the construction of more factories
Why did tension arise between colonial congregations of the 1740s and 1750s?
a. Evangelical preachers began to challenge traditional preaching.
b. Colonial preachers no longer wanted to be controlled by the English clergy.
c. Some preachers wanted to prevent colonists from joining their congregations.
d. Many preachers tried to convert Native Americans to evangelical Christianity.
e. Congregations disagreed about whether women should participate in the church.
Why did some people criticize American suburban life?
a. They accused suburban families of snobbery, since only the wealthy could live there.
b. They thought the houses were built with substandard materials and craftsmanship.
c. They disliked the conformity and uniformity of suburban life.
d. They were afraid that a mass exodus to the suburbs would harm city economies.
e. They worried about the pollution generated by suburban automobile commuters.
Andrew Johnson was indicted by the House for his violation of the __________.
a. Civil Rights Act of 1866
b. Tenure of Office Act
c. Wade-Davis Bill
d. Fourteenth Amendment
e. Loyalty Act
What was the general difference between the Democrats and Republicans in the late
1800s?
a. Democrats felt that social reform was fundamental to the economic success of the
nation, while Republicans felt that government regulation was more important.
b. Democrats favored high inflation to boost business, while Republicans favored the
free coinage of silver and gold.
c. Democrats favored government control of all business, while Republicans wanted
very little government regulation of business.
d. Democrats tended to favor little federal government intervention, while Republicans
believed that the federal government should promote economic and social reform.
e. Democrats believed that the federal government should take an active role in
economic and social reform, while Republicans favored little government intervention.
Which of the following was a factor in American industrial development?
a. the availability of overseas natural resources
b. government regulation of industry
c. low tariffs on foreign goods
d. industrialization of the South after the Civil War
e. an abundance of labor
Social reform during the early 1900s differed from reforms of previous eras because in
previous eras, social reform had been __________, whereas in the early 1900s it was
__________.
a. supported exclusively by the government, controlled by private charities
b. supported exclusively by private charities, controlled by the government
c. mixed with morality, free from moral overtones
d. more complex and interrelated, more individualized and simplistic
e. more simplistic and directed at one particular problem, directed at complex and
interrelated problems
At the Battle of New Orleans, __________.
a. British forces retreated when they saw the strength of American defenses
b. British forces won and forced the surrender of the city
c. British forces were defeated by Andrew Jackson and his troops
d. Andrew Jackson proved to be an ineffective political leader
e. Andrew Jackson was briefly held as a prisoner
Which best describes the change in colonial warfare during the eighteenth century?
a. Rather than fight off Native Americans, the colonists found that their main enemies
were colonists from other regions of the country.
b. Rather than participate in European wars, the colonists were forced to battle against
Native Americans.
c. Instead of the threat from hostile Native Americans, the colonists faced threats from
African American slaves.
d. Instead of facing threats from Native Americans and African American slaves, the
colonists were forced to fight against Spanish forces.
e. Instead of being involved in local wars with Native Americans, the colonists became
involved with the wars between Britain and France.
What was the significance of cities to Jeffersonian America?
a. The growing textile factories located in America’s major cities employed many urban
workers.
b. They served as a hub for exporting goods purchased from farther in the interior.
c. The large influx of immigrants found cheap rents in port cities and seldom moved to
rural areas.
d. Almost a quarter of America’s population lived in urban centers.
e. They served as terminals for international trade.
The Watergate Scandal was based on President Nixon’s __________.
a. 1972 affair with a young intern at the Republican National Committee
b. involvement in ordering an attack on unarmed civilians in Vietnam
c. attempts to cover up sources of his campaign funding in the 1972 presidential
election
d. attempts to bribe the North Vietnamese to agree to end the Vietnam War
e. attempts to hide his involvement in a break-in at the headquarters of the Democratic
National Committee
Which organization led the fight for equal rights and education for blacks?
a. WCTCU
b. SNCC
c. Wobblies
d. ACTUP
e. NAACP
With the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, President Roosevelt __________.
a. immediately declared war on Germany
b. immediately loaned war supplies to France and England
c. declared American neutrality
d. warned Germany not to try to occupy France
e. made a secret pact with the French
Samuel Gompers opposed women in the American Federation of Labor because he
__________.
a. felt that women workers needed to be organized separately
b. believed that women should not work out of the home
c. feared that women would attempt to take leadership roles in the union
d. knew that women could not afford the high initiation fees
e. believed that women workers would lower the pay scales for men
How did the goals of Samuel Gompers and “Big Bill” Heywood differ?
a. Gompers believed in socialist reforms, whereas Heywood believed in capitalist
Darwinism.
b. Heywood believed in socialist reforms, whereas Gompers believed in capitalist
Darwinism.
c. Gompers believed in communism, whereas Heywood believed in a free market
society.
d. Gompers represented craftsmen and tried to work with business owners, whereas
Heywood represented unskilled workers and opposed owners.
e. Heywood represented craftsmen and tried to work with business owners, whereas
Gompers represented unskilled workers and opposed owners.
What is ironic about Wilson’s New Freedom program?
a. It directly contradicted New Nationalism programs.
b. It was more about religion and morality than social change.
c. It helped more people than Taft’s and Roosevelt’s programs combined.
d. It was essentially based on ideas first proposed by his political rival, Theodore
Roosevelt.
e. It was widely supported by the general masses, but in the end served to hurt their
interests.
To what did the term ‘smoked Yankee” refer in the Spanish-American War?
a. northern artillery units
b. African American infantry regiments
c. guerrilla fighters in Cuba
d. Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders
e. members of integrated units
Which statement best describes how rural people adapted to industrial wage labor?
a. Most adjusted quickly because the high wages were worth the dangerous working
conditions.
b. They adjusted quickly and enjoyed the shorter days and easier work.
c. They adjusted quickly because the factory schedule was similar to a farming
schedule.
d. They adjusted slowly and resisted factory discipline through tardiness, absenteeism,
and drunkenness.
e. Most adjusted slowly because labor unions worked to make the transition to full-time
factory work a gradual one.
The nullification crisis was strongly influenced by __________.
a. foreign manufacturing interests
b. the political maneuvers of the National Republicans
c. the demands of other southern states
d. the personal feud between Jackson and Calhoun
e. the relocation of Native Americans
Who was the leading financier in the United States in the early 1900s?
a. Lincoln Steffens
b. Upton Sinclair
c. J. P. Morgan
d. John Theodoric
e. George Vanderbilt
Dartmouth College v. Woodward __________.
a. increased the regulatory powers of state governments
b. asserted the implied powers of the Constitution
c. led to the growth of the modern corporation
d. ruled the state had no right to tax a privately owned college
e. expanded the powers of the federal government to regulate education
After the Civil War, __________.
a. there was little need for reform movements
b. women were excluded from reform movements
c. reform movements remained active in American life
d. the national government was the major agent for change
e. reformers focused exclusively on temperance
What effect did the Marshall Plan have?
a. It had very little effect because it was not carried out effectively.
b. It inspired the Soviet Union to continue to expand its communist empire.
c. It succeeded in forcing the Soviet Union to stop expanding its communist empire.
d. It failed to revive the sagging postwar economies of Western Europe.
e. It led to a successful financial recovery in Western Europe.
What factors contributed to magazine popularity and success in the early 1900s?
a. appealing pictures, fiction, low costs, and revealing journalism
b. labor union support, sensationalism, and new poetry
c. wealthy oligarchy support, new artwork in color, and international focus
d. use of cutting-edge words like “new” and “mass” and yellow journalism
e. improvements in railroads and roads and the institution of a national postal system
In the Victorian code of morality, __________.
a. children were active participants in family life
b. wives were to be acknowledged as equal partners to their husbands
c. moral values were less important than economic values
d. strict standards of behavior should be followed
e. young women could finally go out without a chaperone