The ________Act of 1957 established a Civil Rights Commission.
Despite Clinton’s presidential victory of 1996, the Republicans remained in control of
________.
Environmentalists were encouraged by the progressive environmental policies of
Reagan and the first Bush presidencies.
Spain ousted Muslim occupiers in 1492, the same year that Columbus ventured to the
Americas.
In the 1970s the national consumer movement declined.
In 1960, the federal government determined that approximately 40 million Americans,
or one-quarter of the population, lived in poverty.
In the 1750s, the concept that slavery violated the Enlightenment’s emphasis on human
equality began to grow.
The spiritual motives of the Spanish missionaries resulted in a greater appreciation and
respect for tribal peoples than in other North American colonial empires.
Favorable statistics of population and industrial development invariably decide the
outcome of a war.
By the time the Second Continental Congress met, the fabric of government was badly
torn in most colonies.
Settlement houses in the United States were the same as those in England.
Because of the loyalty of their former slaves, southern whites had little fear that the
freedpeople would try to take revenge on southern white people.
The death rate during the Civil War was five times greater than World War II.
In the election of 1960 voters divided very evenly between the two major presidential
candidates.
Approximately 2,500 American troops died in the Revolutionary War.
Mexico frightened U.S. businessmen during the decade by privatization of the nation’s
oil and mineral supplies.
A growing transatlantic trade undermined the entrepreneurial ethos in America and
increased concern for the public welfare.
In the Memphis race riot of 1866, Union soldiers firmly defended blacks against attacks
by whites.
Democratic governments created the South’s first public school systems.
When the war ended, approximately 3 million American men had served in the military
on both sides.
Catholicism was the official state religion of Spain and Portugal during the 1500s.
Blacks did not encounter segregation and discrimination in northern cities.
The Free Speech movement was born at the University of Mississippi in 1964.
The American Revolution lasted for seven years, longer than any other of America’s
wars until Vietnam nearly 200 years later.
By 1744 the Great Awakening was increasing in fervor in New England.
The Iroquois Confederation numbered approximately 10,000 people by 1500.
Americans were initially excited about nuclear weapons in the late 1940s.
Republican policies in the 1980s supported the civil rights movement.
As sugar production increased in Latin America, the average working life for slaves in
the fields dropped from 15 to 7 years.
Wilson successfully achieved freedom of the seas and the collapse of trade barriers
during the Versailles peace conference.
Slaves lived in poor material conditions, were whipped frequently, and suffered
constant health problems.
During his stump tour of the nation to convince the American people of the importance
of the Versailles treaty, Wilson was received with criticism, jeers, and protests.
The two decades after World War II were a period of sustained economic growth in the
United States.
Many farmers, black and white, realized after the Civil War that labor gains could be
made only through solitary and individual action.
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 attempted to protect animal species from
extinction.
Human travel was the only means of mass communication across space in the early
American Republic.
The New Deal probably aided the West less than any other region.
By the 1960s, college enrollment had plummeted compared to the 1940s.
Approximately 250,000 men fought for the American side during the Revolution.
All of the following factors contributed to American economic growth from 1820 to
1860 EXCEPT the
A) maintenance of low tariff rates.
B) abundance of natural resources.
C) influx of European capital.
D) increasing population.
Ada Deer, a Native American woman, served as Secretary of the
A) Army.
B) Navy.
C) Interior.
D) Treasury.
During the 1850s, William Walker was unsuccessful in his attempts to
A) negotiate with Spain for the purchase of Cuba.
B) command the first American trading expedition to Japan.
C) purchase lands from Mexico on which to build a transcontinental railroad.
D) capture and control new slave lands in Latin America.
The yeoman farmers of the South
A) lived in the Appalachian Mountains.
B) were fiercely proud of their independence.
C) owned very few slaves.
D) formed a small portion of the population.
As commander of the Union armies, General Ulysses S. Grant recommended a
A) policy of evasion and retreat, designed to lessen casualties and wear down the
enemy.
B) campaign of annihilation, using the North’s superior might to destroy southern
armies.
C) tactic of hit-and-run maneuvers, offsetting the defensive advantages of southern
armies.
D) strategy of naval and land blockades, causing economic deprivation and discontent.
Northerners supported all of the following EXCEPT
A) public education and temperance laws.
B) the rights of free labor.
C) immigration and trade restrictions.
D) policies favoring industrial growth.
Protestantism did not gain an early foothold in the Americas because
A) nations most affected by the Reformation entered overseas exploration later than
Spain and Portugal.
B) Catholic missionaries were more daring than Protestant missionaries and bravely
faced dangers Protestants refused to confront.
C) Protestants were more interested in earning profits than in converting souls.
D) of Indian resistance.
The Civil War transformed American society as
A) wartime jobs and wages provided substantial increases in real income.
B) women were forced to leave the workforce to care for homes and families.
C) economic dislocations reduced the standard of living for most civilians.
D) Americans became more parochial in their interests and concerns.
Which of the following nations became the early leader of European exploration?
A) France
B) Spain
C) England
D) Portugal
The Ostend Manifesto, a document intended to pressure Spain to sell Cuba to the
United States, was
A) denounced by the American ministers to Spain, France, and England.
B) urged most by those who advocated the expansion of slavery.
C) delivered to President Pierce by Secretary of State William Marcy.
D) hailed by northerners as the solution to the sectional crisis.
According to Martin Luther, good “works”
A) offered the means to heavenly salvation.
B) represented only the external evidence of grace won through faith.
C) enabled an individual to reduce his or her time in purgatory.
D) conferred upon an individual the blessings of the Church.
What was the long-term outcome of John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry?
A) Brown survived and led a large slave army to freedom.
B) Brown was hanged and became a martyr, inflaming tensions and leading to the Civil
War.
C) The South gave up on slavery.
D) The North stopped its attempt to restrict the expansion of slavery.
By the mid-1880s, cattle raising in the American West
A) remained highly successful using open-range techniques.
B) had precluded settlement of the area by farmers.
C) faced numerous problems from both man and nature.
D) proved highly profitable for the legendary cowboys.
According to the Plessy v.Ferguson decision,
A) black voters could be disfranchised through the “good character” clause.
B) the races could be separated but equal accommodations must be provided.
C) separate facilities for blacks and whites were illegal.
D) segregation laws violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
Which of the following issues did the National Labor Union support?
A) temperance
B) women’s rights
C) labor cooperatives
D) All of the above.
Some of the many health reform techniques of the era included
A) hydropathy.
B) hypnotism.
C) phrenology.
D) All of the above.
Which of the following nations remained a model of industrial growth for the United
States during the 1800s?
A) Spain
B) Portugal
C) Great Britain
D) China
England began to take greater interest in overseas exploration as a result of all of the
following EXCEPT
A) economic depression that made people look for new opportunities.
B) commercial success in Scandinavia, India, and the Middle East that raised hope for
other market expansion.
C) wool merchants who wanted new markets.
D) improved ships that sailed faster and carried more cargo than before.
In the mid-1880s, African American workers in the South enthusiastically joined the
A) Knights of Labor.
B) American Federation of Labor.
C) Populist Party.
D) Democratic Party.
The 1920s represented a period in American history when
A) technological developments had little impact on the American way of life.
B) a new culture of consumption and pleasure clashed with traditional values.
C) urbanization declined.
D) few people had access to new forms of entertainment.
Americans encountered a Spanish-speaking culture in all of the following places
EXCEPT
A) New Mexico.
B) Texas.
C) California.
D) Oregon.
Iroquois in New York dealt with missionaries known as
A) witch doctors.
B) Quakers.
C) Eastern Orthodox monks.
D) the Sultan of Brunei.
In Wisconsin, the progressive reform movement
A) failed to pass any significant regulatory legislation.
B) failed to achieve many of its goals.
C) was led by Woodrow Wilson.
D) was led by Robert La Follette, a model Progressive governor.
What was the significance of the Bretton-Woods Conference in 1944?
A) It established the World Bank.
B) It established the International Monetary Fund.
C) It fixed the rate of international exchange based on the U.S. dollar.
D) All of the above.
During the Reagan-Bush era, the administration pursued a conservative agenda. Discuss
its main social, political, and economic features.
Most of the emigrants who headed for the Far West were
A) white and American-born.
B) members of the poorest class.
C) slaveholders from the Deep South.
D) Asians, especially from China.
In the 1988 presidential race, George H.W. Bush
A) magnanimously praised the governor of Massachusetts for improving his state’s
economy.
B) refused to engage in mudslinging.
C) accused Michael Dukakis of communist affiliations.
D) ran a mudslinging campaign.
Which of the following men did NOT run for president of the United States in 1912?
A) Eugene Debs
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) William Howard Taft
D) Warren G. Harding
In contrast to the North, the South relied more heavily on the
A) use of conscription to maintain their armed forces.
B) issue of government bonds to borrow money.
C) imposition of government measures to control inflation.
D) levy of direct taxes for war finances.
To establish a community of pure Christians in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Puritans
felt government should
A) grant political participation to all adult males.
B) guard religious freedom of choice.
C) punish religious as well as civil transgressors.
D) promote and protect individual interests.
The person who led the union movement among Chicano farm workers during the
1960s was
A) Joseph Montoya.
B) Cesar Chavez.
C) Henry B. Gonzales.
D) Henry Cisneros.
State war debts at the start of Washington’s presidency totaled
A) over 21 million.
B) less than 10 million
C) over 100 million
D) more than 50 million.
In contrast to the agricultural frontier, migrants to the mining frontier were more
A) successful in establishing local government.
B) intent on making a quick profit.
C) often married and older in age.
D) isolated from their neighbors.
In the period after the Civil War, most rural southern blacks became either tenants or
________.
What changes transformed life in the southern colonies from 1680 to 1750? What
similarities or differences existed between the tobacco coast, the rice coast, and the
backcountry?
Discuss the unsettling Middle Eastern events that the first Bush administration
confronted.
Frederick Jackson Turner considered the end of the ________ a milestone in United
States history.
Sacco and Vanzetti, admitted ________, were convicted of murder and robbery more
because of their radicalism than because there was clear evidence of their guilt.
Trace the attempts to organize American industrial labor on a national scale during the
late nineteenth century and evaluate the success of those attempts.
Discuss the major changes that occurred in American agriculture during the last half of
the nineteenth century.
Contrast the different lives and tasks faced by pioneers on the agricultural, mining, and
urban frontiers in the West of the 1840s and 1850s.
What explains the rise and historical significance of the department store?
The nation of ________ lost one-third of its population from the Black Death.
Describe the XYZ affair.
The war against _______________did not receive United Nations support when it
began in 2003.
After World War I, fear of communism generally permeated attitudes among the
American people. Explain the reasons for the development of this fear and discuss the
events that reflect this fear in American society during the 1920s.
Benjamin Franklin’s popular work, ________, next to the Bible, was the most widely
read book in the colonies, containing quips, adages, and homespun philosophy.
How did Native Americans respond to U.S. western expansion?
Identify the Aztec and explain their rise to power.
One of his critics whom President Franklin Roosevelt considered a great threat to the
New Deal was the senator from Louisiana, ________.